Are There More Advantages Than Disadvantages to Living in a House Rather Than in an Apartment?

Many people nowadays face a difficult decision when they buy their own home. The question is whether they should buy a house or an apartment. There would seem to be clear benefits and drawbacks to both options. Perhaps the major advantage of living in a house is the issue of privacy. Typically, there is more opportunity for peace and quiet, if you live in a house. This is particularly the case if it is a detached house. Other significant advantages are that houses are generally more spacious and on the whole have gardens. This is especially important if there is a family so that the children can have a safe environment to play in. If, however, you live in a tower block, then the children may have to play outside on the pavement. There are, of course, negative aspects to living in houses. The greatest of these is that they tend to be more expensive to purchase and to maintain. Indeed, a large majority of people choose to live in apartments because they cannot afford the mortgage to buy a house. Another possible problem is that there are fewer houses in cities than the countryside. So if you like urban life, it may be preferable to live in an apartment. A second reason to avoid living in a house is that there is a greater sense of community to life in an apartment. My conclusion would be that this is a well-balanced issue. There are probably an equal number of pros and cons to making either choice. Ultimately, whether you decide to live in a cottage in the countryside or a duplex in the city depends on your own personality, family and financial circumstances.

Food Hygeine

4. 3 Describe basic food safety when providing food and drink to children and young people The Prevention of Food Poisoning Store food safely Keep food cold, the fridge should be kept as cold as possible without freezing the food ( 1-5 . c or 34-41. c) Freezers should be kept at -18 or below Cover or wrap food with food wrap of microwave cling film Never refreeze food Do not use food that is past the sell-by date Always read instructions on food packaging when storing food Once a tin is open store in a covered potStore raw foods at the bottom of the fridge in case of any dripping onto cooked food Always wash hands in warm soapy water and dry thoroughly before handling food Wear clean protective clothing when in the kitchen Keep food covered at all times Wash all fruit and vegetables before use Never cough or sneeze over food Always cover cuts with a blue plaster Keep work surfaces and chopping boards clean use different coloured chopping boards for raw meat raw fish fruit and vegetab les Make sure that meat is cooked through before serving Avoid raw eggs as you could get salmonellaWhen reheating food make sure it is hot all the way through the dish to kill any germs Keeping the Kitchen Safe Teach the children to wash their hands before eating or preparing food and after they have used the toilet Keep it clean to avoid flies and other insects in the kitchen Stay away from the kitchen if you have sickness or diarrhoea Keep the kitchen clean: Clean work surfaces, the floor, utensils, sink, cloths and rubbish bins Tea towels and wash cloths should be kept clean and washed regularly Keep all rubbish bins covered and empty them regularlyKeep sharp knives and scissors stored safely where the children cannot reach them Good Food Hygiene When serving, preparing and clearing away food after meals and snacks you should observe the rules of food hygiene. 1. Wash hands with warm soapy water and dry them thoroughly 2. Wear clean protective clothing 3. Ensure any washing up is done with hot water and washing up liquid and wear rubber gloves.If possible put the washing up in a dish washer. 4. Tea towels should be washed regularly and clean ones should be used daily. 5. Never cough or sneeze over food or drink Wearing Aprons Wearing aprons helps to protect clothing and to stop the spread of germs Hand Washing Chopping Boards Using different coloured chopping boards helps to prevent cross – infection when preparing food.

Casestudy-Ecotourism-in-India

The World Conservation Union (IUCN) defines ecotourism as: â€Å" environmentally responsible travel and visitation to relatively undisturbed natural areas, in order to enjoy and appreciate nature (and any accompanying cultural features both past and present) that promotes conservation, has low negative visitor impact, and provides for beneficially active socio-economic involvement of local populations† (IUCN, 1996). The travel industry defines ecotourism as: â€Å"purposeful travel that creates an understanding of cultural and natural history, while safeguarding the integrity of the ecosystem and producing economic benefits that encourage conservation . . . The long-term survival of this special type of travel is inextricably linked to the existence of the natural resources that support it† (Bandy, 1996 quoting: Ryel and Grasse 1991:164). The International Ecotourism Society defines ecotourism as: â€Å"responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the welfare of local people†. According to the World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) tourism that involves travelling to relatively undisturbed natural areas with the specified objective of studying, admiring and enjoying the scenery and its wild plants and animals, as well as any existing cultural aspects [both of the past and the present] found in these areas is defined as ecotourism. An optimum number of environment friendly visitor activities, which do not have any serious impact on the ecosystem and the local community and the positive involvement of the local community in maintaining the ecological balance are some of its key elements (UNWTO, 2002i). With very little consensus between the industry, indigenous and local communities and other government and non-government organizations on the definition of ecotourism, it is being been touted by the industry as the wonderful antidote to the development problems of hitherto untouched areas in India. Ecotourism is today the unique selling proposition of the tourism industry and is being used to bring more and more tourists to fragile regions like the forests and coasts. With nature and culture being the prime attraction it is only logical that the Ministry for Tourism and Culture, state tourism departments and the tourism industry are selling India as an important ecotourism destination. 1. Hypothesis The hypothesis that was considered for the case study was: Newer biodiversity rich areas, under Protected Area status or otherwise, are being rapidly opened for ecotourism. In the absence of coherent policy, regulation and guidelines, current form of ecotourism has impacted biodiversity; lives and governance systems of communities. This has resulted in loss of rights and benefits arising from use of biological resources to communities. Women are particularly affected as they confront increasing problems of social evils, finding wherewithal from even distant locations and reduced say in matters that affect them. 2. Research questions Based on the hypothesis, the following research questions were formulated: a. What are the areas that have been opened up? b. What is the status of laws, policy and guidelines for ecotourism? c. What are the impacts of ecotourism on biodiversity and community governance? d. What are the impacts on women? For the purpose of this case study, the research questions that have been taken up pertain to areas that have been opened up for ecotourism, status of laws, policy and guidelines for ecotourism, and impacts of ecotourism on community governance only. 3. Methodology a. Geographical scope The states that were selected for the case study are: i. ii. Andaman Nicobar Islandsii Chhattisgarh 2 iii. iv. Madhya Pradesh Uttarakhand (earlier Uttaranchal) These states were selected on the basis of being diverse ecosystems with predominantly indigenous populations, which are the selling propositions of ecotourism. The Andaman Islands are an archipelago situated in the Bay of Bengal and are the home for four primitive tribes that are almost on the verge of extinction the Great Andamanese, Jarawas, Onges and Sentinelese. Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh are located in Central India and comprise of forest ecosystems that contribute significantly to the forest cover and biological diversity of the country. Chhattisgarh is a tribal state and was carved out of Madhya Pradesh in 2001, both these states are home to indigenous groups like Baiga, Bhil, Gond, Birhor, Munda Korwa, Munda and many others. Uttarakhand is located in the mountain ecosystems of the Himalayas and the trans-Himalayan hill ranges of the Shivaliks, and forest ecosystems. Uttarakhand is also a tribal state which was created from Uttar Pradesh in 2001. The main indigenous peoples’ groups in Uttarakhand are Bhotia, Buksa, Jannsari, Raji, Tharu and Didihat. b. Research design i. Secondary data The main secondary sources of data that were inter alia examined were: †¢ †¢ Official websites of the respective state governments and Government of India Promotional material and information provided by the Ministry of Tourism and Culture Government of India and tourism departments of the respective states ii. Primary data †¢ Interviews – This was the main method of data collection administered to the government and to local community representatives. An interview guideline was prepared containing a detailed list of questions and checklist for every department / official being interviewed. Data collected from interviews was documented through notes taken by the interviewers rather than through tape or video recordings as the latter would not have been appropriate with several government officials. Focus group discussions – In order to collective perspectives from local community members, focus group consultations were organised. A discussion guideline was prepared for the conducting the discussions. Data from the focus group discussions has been documented in writing and through audio visuals. 3 †¢ Field observation – Field observation has been another important instr ument for collecting qualitative data, especially for socio-cultural and environmental impacts of tourism activity. At each field site, a considerable amount of time was spent at different locations to observe tourist behaviour, interaction of tourists with local people and the impacts of such interaction. Data recorded through field observation was immediately documented. †¢ Participant observation – Here, members of the research team went as tourists to different sites to observe tourist behaviour, and to get first-hand experience of how local community members viewed and interacted with tourists. Observations were documented through field notes. iii. Ethical considerations The general principles followed in developing this case study are as follows: †¢ †¢ †¢ all subjects and respondents should take part freely and on the basis of informed consent; ensuring the confidentiality of information and anonymity of names wherever requested; ensuring that data is neither fake nor plagiarised and that results are not falsified. 4. Ecotourism as a Market Based Conservation Mechanism a. Areas that have been opened for ecotourism i. Andaman Nicobar Islands The Department of Environment Forests Andaman Nicobar Islands Administration has proposed to open up the following islands for ecotourism. The details of the ecotourism activities are mentioned in the divisional working plans approved by the Supreme Court. The various islands are: North Andamans 1. Saddle Peak 2. Ross Island 3. Kalipur Beach 4. Kalpong hydro power project 5. Ramnagar Beach 6. Karmatang Beach 7. Ray Hill 8. Curlew Island Middle Andamans 13. Long Island 14. Guitar Island 15. Cuthbert Bay 16. Merk Bay 17. Barren Island (live volcano) South Andamans 18. Rutland 19. Wandoor 20. Chidiyatapu 21. Mount Harriet 22. Shoal Bay 23. Constance Bay 4 9. Interview Island 10. Sound Island 11. Stewart Island 12. Nariyal Balu Apart from the above, the Ministry of Tourism – Government of India has announced an enhancement of private investment from Rs. 5 crore to Rs. 100 crore (equivalent to US$ 1. 1 21. 8 million) in 2004 to build super resorts and luxurious hotels in both the island groups of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweepiii; ten islands were identified in Andamans including Havelock and North Passage. The Directorate of Information, Publicity and Tourism, the nodal agency for tourism in the Islands, has also proposed a new ecotourism circuit at Baratang in November 2004iv. The then Lt. Governor Dr. Kapse had earlier inaugurated eco-huts at Mount Harriet National Park for ‘ecotourists† in July 2004v. ii. Chhattisgarh The state of Chhattisgarh has several ‘virgin attractions’ in protected areas such as Kanger Valley National Park, Barnawapara, Sitanadi, Udanti and Achanakmar Sanctuaries. Mainpat (Surguja), Keshkal valley (Kanker), Chaiturgarh (Bilaspur), Bagicha (Jashpur), Kutumbsar caves, Kailash caves, Tirathgarh falls, Chitrakot falls (Bastar), which â€Å"are all exhilarating destinations being promoted for nature and wildlife tourism. Wildlife areas, camping grounds and trekking facilities would be few of the prime attractions†. vi The policy also states that the endangered Wild Buffalo (Bubalis bubalis) and the even more endangered Hill Myna (Graculis religiosa peninsularis), the state animal and state bird respectively will be protected by ecotourism. Hence ecotourism will help in preserving these and other species of biodiversity. iii. Madhya Pradesh Proposed ecotourism sitesvii 7. 8. 9. Amarkantak and Dindori Forests Dumna Ecotourism Centre, Jabalpur Kathotia Adventure Point The ecotourism sites in Madhya Pradesh are: Existing ecotourism sites 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Kanha National Park Bandhavgarh National Park Panna National Park Pachmari and Satpura Tiger Reserve Pench

Contemporary Issues in Criminal Justice Management Term Paper

Contemporary Issues in Criminal Justice Management - Term Paper Example There has been a 605% increase in violent crimes in U.S.A alone since 1953. Americans view violence and crime as the most significant issue being witnessed in the U.S.A. A good criminal justice system helps to maintain law and order of a country under control. Even though the administration is toothed with an exhaustive power to trace and punish criminals, many procedures have been set out by the American Constitution like the right to engage a counsel, right to remain silent, right to appeal, etc. for an accused. The main intention of a criminal law is to safeguard society. One of the famous maxims about criminal law is that the punishment must fit the crime. Thus, this research study helps to evaluate what a criminal system is, a comparison between traditional and contemporary policing, legal, diversity and ethical issues associated with American Criminal Justice System and about its intricacies in detail. [Summers &Hoffman, 2002, p.173]. Criminal justice system consists of a great number of actors executing different jobs like judges, police officers, probation officers, bondsman, etc. Each player in the criminal justice system requires to gain assistance and cooperation of the other actors by assisting those players to accomplish their objectives. The federal system of the United States is founded on the substratum notion that the states administer the principal responsibility for criminal justice and hence, criminal justice is the nucleus of state and not national responsibility.[Barkow,2003,p.33]. Currently, there is no single criminal justice system in U.S.A as different states follow many systems that are identical but individually distinctive.  

Legal Research Exercise Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Legal Research Exercise - Assignment Example It therefore threatens the global nature of the internet and active internet users. The Act is currently in the courts subcommittees on courts, Intellectual property and Internet for review. Free Flow of Information Act of 2013 provides specific instructions on information disclosure from a specific person connected to news media. The Act restricts any person from the judicial department from obtaining any information from journalism unless all the other sources are fully exhausted or the court order issues a statement allowing the same to happen. The Act is currently in the subcommittee’s house in the Crime, Terrorism, Homeland Security and the Internet department for further furnishing The Free Flow of Information Act of 2013 prohibits a covered journalist from information disclosure, unless a judge allows it under tight and specific criminal and civil issues. The Act is currently placed under General Orders in the Senate Legislative Calendar (Number 238). Strategic Lawsuit against Public Participation is formulated with an intention of intimidating people through burdening them with a heavy cost of legal proceedings until their option remains opposing the criticism they have. Defamation therefore involves use of false statements in altering a person’s reputation. In Indiana, laws that preach against defamation and SLAPP suits are available

United Nations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

United Nations - Essay Example This is why the UN was set up while World War II was still going on. If the goals of the organization are peaceful, it is still essentially an organization that started as an alliance of powers against a common enemy, and was a military endeavor. â€Å"The 50 nations represented at San Francisco signed the Charter of the United Nations on June 26, 1945. Poland, which was not represented at the conference but for which a place among the original signatories had been reserved, added its name later, bringing the total of original signatories to 51† (Background, 2010). Of course, today, the UN serves as a peacekeeping organization more than a military one, but it remains effective nonetheless. concerned with essentially military matters through the extension of its most important facet, the Security Council. However, the drafters of the organization put into effect a rule of veto that has proved to make the UN somewhat ineffectual at times. Even when the Soviet Union had veto power, though, the UN remained a strong and viable organization. As time went on, the membership in the United Nations increased as new nations became de-colonized and joined the organization. With these new nations entering into the equation, things became more complicated as the number of nations increased from fifty to almost two-hundred. The UN accordingly turned to issues like the environment and human rights as important issues to tackle and began to try to legislate internationally. â€Å"UN membership is open to all "peace-loving states" that accept the obligations of the UN Charter and, in the judgment of the organization, are able and willing to fulfill these obligations. Admission to memb ership is determined by the General Assembly upon recommendation of the Security Council† (Background, 2010). The UN wanted to make peace, and therefore was well-suited for problems like human rights and the

Globalization and the gains from international trade Essay - 2

Globalization and the gains from international trade - Essay Example n controlling trade is still enormous and many governments are increasingly accepting it as the norm rather than the exception (Tung and Henry, 2009). Debates in recent times centre whether globalization is diminishing trade or increasing it. Questions have been raised on the state the traditional roles and national governments sovereignty play over trade, and the effects that these portend in promoting fairness or inequality among countries. Others have zeroed on the balance of trade and trade payments the less developed countries, the developing countries vis-Ã  -vis the developed world, and the focus on the glaring policy intervention differences between the global north and the global south. This paper states at the outset that: Whereas globalization has been touching on every aspect of society today, scholars and thinkers alike have not agreed on a universal single definition of the term. Instead, a number of definitions, conceptualizations, and perspectives exist depending on which lens one views the concept. In Kemp’s world, the gains must be examined within the confluence of world tarries such that no country in the pedestal of globalization would be worse off than in the smaller customs union (Kemp, 1987). Kemp (1987) observes that the phenomenon of globalization has been extensively used in the world, specifically in admired discourses and policy issues. For him, globalization is a term that describes ways in which the world is progressively more interrelated, organized, and interdependent through a set of socially reinforced processes that is controlled by customs. These processes include among others, integration of markets, nation states and technologies to a scale that is aiding individuals, corporations and distinct governments to access and ‘navigate’ the world much more, more rapidly, much deeper an by less costly methods (Kemp and Wong, 1995). Kemp further characterizes the global economy and trade as that which is based on spread and

My Dilemma (acquisition, merger and initial public offer) Research Paper

My Dilemma (acquisition, merger and initial public offer) - Research Paper Example How the Dilemma came about One Monday morning when I got to the office, something strange and out of protocol happened. Hitherto, I rarely had any say on proposals for growth and expansion. I was more or less a passive observer who was around to learn from his superiors. This time round I was not even asked to give contributions towards a proposal to be sent to management but to select one of three choices management had taken on a long term growth and expansion move. Most of the time, proposals from my department to management were discarded but when proposals came from management to my department, it meant that the proposal was certainly going to be implemented. This means that the choice I made was going to be implemented. For a student on internship to decide the long term growth and expansion program for the multi million advertising company was indeed a herculean task. The dilemma was also with the fact that I had to choose among options given by management. The options were acquisition, merger and initial public offer. The company was considering either purchasing an events organization company or merging with the events organization company or putting its shares on public offer as a means of expanding the existing company. This was a dilemma because all three options had their own advantages and disadvantages. It was indeed difficult pointing out which of the options was going to be better than the either. Meaning of the three options Merger has been explained by Farlex (2011) to be â€Å"a combination of two or more companies in which the assets and liabilities of the selling firm(s) are absorbed by the buying firm.† It continues to posit that in the event of merger, there is a â€Å"decision by two companies to combine all operations, officers, structure, and other functions of business† (Farlex (2011). To this effect, it meant th at if I chose the option of merger, my company would have been tagged as the buying firm. It also meant that by merger, our company was going to combine all its operation, staff, structure and organizational culture with the selling firm. The new company that was going to be formed out of the merger was not going to be under the outright ownership of our firm but then ownership shared by the two companies in question. The Investopedia (2011) on the other hand explains that â€Å"when one company takes over another and clearly established itself as the new owner, the purchase is called an acquisition.† The implication of this definition is that if this choice was chosen by me, our company was

Case Study Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Case Study - Assignment Example Secondly, employees were only liable for negligence when their acts result in students’ bodily injury. Significance: The Barr v Bernhard case served as a catalyst for the human rights movement to have the legislature change statutes that do not correlate with the legislative’s intents in a constitution. This case was decided many years ago and eight years after the court’s decision, the legislature had not changed the statute. Holding: The United States Supreme Court held that before a student from a public school is subjected to a suspension, the student should get the chance to explain his or her actions in a hearing (Find Law, 2015). According to Emanuel and Emanuel (2008) and Wasserman (2004) giving suspensions without a hearing violates the American constitution. The court held that suspending students from public schools without a hearing was in violation to the due process clause, stipulated in the Fourth Amendment of the constitution. Reasoning: Central High School where the nine students got suspended violated the due process clause because the students got suspended without first going through the school board’s hearing process. Though the students destroyed the school property which resulted to a disruption of learning the students were still entitled to education which was taken away when they got suspended. According to Cole & Smith (2007) and Alexander and Alexander (2011) students have an entitlement to their due process of the law stipulated in the

Shariah and sufism in islam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Shariah and sufism in islam - Essay Example quires one to accept the laws of Shariah wholeheartedly and a Muslim should be spiritually involved in making all possible efforts in order to follow the rules of Shariah. Shariah stands as the highest level of goodness one can achieve in this world, and to a Muslim nothing is more important than following Shariah. Shariah gives the Muslims a complete code of life, and guides the Muslims on all matters of this world and the world hereafter. Muslims seek guidance for their matters of daily life from two main sources. First, their Holy Book Quran. Second, the Sunnah of their Holy Prophet Muhammed (P. B. U. H.). The Muslims’ consideration of the Holy Quran is as follows. Every machine we purchase comes with a hand book that mentions every thing about that machine and guides the buyer on how to use the machine so that it would function safely and efficiently throughout the estimated life of that machine. The hand book gives complete information about what temperature and surroundi ngs should the machine be used in, what is the maximum load the machine can take, what precautionary measures should be taken to ensure the machine’s safe functioning and also provides the user with guidance on the matters of repair and maintenance. Likewise, when Allah Almighty created human beings, He gave them a complete book to follow throughout their life. Allah named His Book â€Å"Quran†. He sent the Holy Quran for all human beings to seek guidance from through His Prophet Muhammed (P. B. U. H.). The Holy Quran serves as a complete guide for all human beings. It is a written form of Allah’s interaction with humans. Through the Holy Quran, Allah has conveyed his message to the human beings. Allah has mentioned in the Holy Quran how the humans are supposed to live their life. The Quran provides guidance on all matters in all walks of life. Hence, it is the guide sent for the human beings just like the hand book that comes with a machine as mentioned in the example quoted above.

Responsibility not a Sufficient Condition of Liability Essay Example for Free

Responsibility not a Sufficient Condition of Liability Essay Introduction Duff = â€Å"responsibility is a necessary but not a sufficient condition of liability† An actor is responsible when they are sufficiently blameworthy in causing the harm or committing the wrong = we blame those who have control over their actions (committing a crime is a mental process) * MR is the guilty mind. Note that it is not necessarily a moral/culpable judgment, and there can be involuntary MR e.g. drugged paedophile in Kingston. * There are many MR states of mind: the sentencing advisory panel stated that there are 4 levels of culpability = intent, recklessness, knowledge, and negligence [in some crimes only negligence is required * Two species of MR Cognitive (involves intention or foresight by D) and Normative (evaluation of D action taking into account surrounding circumstance and D state of mind) * Proof of Cognitive = subjective test (assume state of mind is ascertainable only direct evidence is a confession) – jury ascertain reasonable person but destroy subjectivity * DPP v Smith = D trying to escape from the police in a car was signalled to stop. He did not do so. A PC jumped onto the cars bonnet. D drove at high speed, swerving from side to side, until the officer was thrown off and killed. = CJA S8 – endorses the idea that intention is to be subjectively ascertained Intention Some crimes are only committed intentionally so must distinguish from recklessness e.g. GBH * Direct intent – It was D’s purpose/aim/objective to bring about the AR. Duff = test of failure – would D intend their actions to be a failure * Oblique intent – The AR was a necessary by-product of D committing his offence, although it was not his purpose. * Intent is a subjective concept and must be judged according to what D wanted to happen or foresaw happening (s.8 Criminal Justice Act 1967 = lays down evidential rule as to how intention is to be proved and makes it clear that intention is a subjective state of mind = court or jury must draw inferences from all relevant evidence): * D will intend something if it  was his purpose to bring it about. Similarly, a jury may use as evidence of intention that D foresaw the result of his act as a virtual certainty and it was a virtual certainty. (Woollin, which affirmed the test in Nedrick) * Nedrick = D poured paraffin through C letter box and set light to it. A child died in the fire. The judge directed the jury as follows: If when the accused performed the act of setting fire to the house, he knew that it was highly probable that the act would result in serious bodily injury to somebody inside the house, even though he did not desire it desire to bring that result about he is guilty or murder. â€Å"The jury convicted of murder and the defendant appealed on the grounds of a mis-direction. Held: There was a clear misdirection. The Court of Appeal reviewed the cases of Maloney and Hancock Shankland and formulated a new direction from the two decisions. Lord Lane CJ: the jury should be directed that they are not entitled to infer the necessary intention, unless they feel sure that death or serious bodily harm was a virtual certainty (barring some unforeseen intervention) as a result of the defendants actions and that the defendant appreciated that such was the case. * Woolin D threw his crying child at the cot but missed and he hit his head and died. This was the exact opposite of what D intended. Judge misdirected jury by saying that intention could be inferred from D’s realisation of a ‘substantial risk’. = Where the charge is murder and in the rare cases where the simple direction is not enough, the jury should be directed that they are not entitled to find the necessary intention, unless they feel sure that death or serious bodily harm was a virtual certainty (barring some unforeseen intervention) as a result of the defendants actions and that the defendant appreciated that such was the case. The decision is one for the jury to be reached upon a consideration of all the evidence. * Lord Bridge disagrees with the leniency of the Woollin definition. He uses the example of a man who boards a plane to Manchester – the plane’s arrival in Manchester is a virtual certainty and so it should be seen as conclusive pr oof of intent to go there. Woollin is more generous. * Exceptional cases : oblique intention – D has a purpose other than causing the prohibited harm but where that result is an inevitable or likely consequence – in rare cases it is permissible / central problem is that  there are 2 possible interpretations of Woollin * Definitional interpretation = extended definition of intention – if a consequence is foreseen as virtually certain the jury may be told that this amounts to intention * Evidential interpretation = still no definition of intention where a consequence is foreseen as virtually certain this is evidence entitling a court or jury to find intention – jury has discretion * Evidential adopted = Matthews and Alleyn = Ds who had tossed a half dead V off a bridge who they knew couldn’t swim appealed. Claimed the judge misdirected because he equated the knowledge of virtual certainty to proof of intent, not just evidence. Rix LJ couldn’t see the difference. * Adv. of evidential = gives jury flexibility = jury given moral elbow room (get out clause) * R v Steane = D British radio announcer who was living in Germany during WWII. With his family under threat he was forced to broadcast on the radio for the Nazis. After the war charged with doing acts likely to help the enemy with the intent to assist the enemy. If this case was decided today under evidential the jury would have moral elbow room to find there was no intent * RE A (conjoined twins)= lawful for doctors to separate conjoined twins even though would leave to certain death of the weaker twin LJ Walker = allowed himself moral elbow room as doctors would not intend to kill the weaker twin because that was not the purpose or intention of the surgery * Is intention a psychological state of mind or a moral conclusion = the doctor would not be morally responsible for the death * Does intention have same meaning for all crimes Woollin is the latest case so is the authority but only talking about murder – therefore use Nedrick for all other crimes – but no other authority so use Woollin * The Law Commission support codifying the Woollin test in statute. Proposed definition of intention * Chandler v DPP = D opposed to nuclear weapons so planned non-violent action to immobilise an aircraft – under evidential interpretation the jury would be able to evaluate the motives of D but this may largely depend on political persuasion of the jury so generates uncertainty and inconsistency and would also blur the distinction between the elements of an offence and exculpatory defences Pedain – Intent and the Terrorist Example * The terrorist example is used to show flaws in the definition of intent.  It assumes that a terrorist wants to gain attention by planting a bomb in a public place, but giving enough warning that he thinks the place can be evacuated in enough time. It is, but a member of the bomb disposal squad is killed when trying to disarm the bomb. He may not have foreseen this death, and if he didn’t he isn’t guilty of murder. Many see this as unacceptable. * German law involved D recognising and reconciling with himself the risk that he is exposing people to and liability follows. * The other example is the terrorist who does want the bomb to explode but gets caught and then the bomb disposal person dies. He doesn’t intend to kill the bomb disposal expert. But Pedain says this shouldn’t matter – it is still murder. Can we use a ‘type of harm/transferred malice’ argument. Kaveny – Inferring Intention from Foresight * Two opposing views: one recognises that foresight is conceptually different from intention but that a jury may infer one from the other, and the other that foresight is form of intention. * Neither is acceptable because no degree of foresight can be defined as intention, nor can it be the basis of any reliable finding of intention – so neither view is acceptable. * Thus if we are going to allow foresight to be a basis for a murder charge, it has to be built in as a separate mens rea element instead of using Woollin. Recklessness Regarded as sufficiently blameworthy Until October 2003 there were 2 distinct species of recklessness * 1 = Cunningham recklessness a subjective meaning of recklessness was approved (Recklessness entails a conscious running of an unjustifiable risk) * Stephenson = tramp started fire in a straw stack on a farm – charged under criminal damage act but evidence made by psychiatrist that D suffered from schizophrenia so no subjective foresight [under subjectivity the definition of recklessness lies down a double test 1)whether D foresaw the possibility of consequences /2)whether it was unreasonable to take the risk ] * The law commission in the draft criminal law bill 1993 and the draft offences against the person bill 1998 has endorsed subjectivity * 2= Caldwell / Lawrence recklessness [in 1981 the direction of the HoL changed  due to their verdicts in 2 cases dramatically according to the first part of the test of foreseeability of consequences it was now objective] * Caldwell = D had done some work for the owner of a hotel and as a result of quarrel, got drunk and set fire to the hotel, D argued it did not occur to him that there might be people there whose lives might be endangered. None of the 10 guests were harmed Held: Recklessness in the context of Criminal Damage does not require subjective appreciation of the risk of causing damage, but is also satisfied by a failure to consider an obvious risk. HoL held a person is reckless if 1) he does an act which leads to an obvious risk 2) when does an act which either a) gave no thought to the possibility of the consequences b) did recognise consequences [pretty much a test of negligence] The risk need only be obvious in the sense that it would have been obvious to the reasonable man, not to the accused if he or she had stopped to think Elliott v C nor to a person of the age of the accused or sharing the accused’s characteristics R (Stephen Malcolm) ; R v Miller These cases were confirmed and followed in R v Coles * Lawrence = D drove his motorcycle on a 30mph road at about 80mph, and killed a pedestrian who was crossing the road./Lord Diplock = the defendant was in fact driving the vehicle in such a manner as to create an obvious and serious risk †¦ and, second, that in driving in that manner the defendant did so without having given any thought to the possibility of there being any such risk or, having recognised that there was some risk involved, had none the less gone on to take it. * Lacuna (gap) in the law of recklessness as above test does not take into account if D stops to think whether there is a risk and then concludes there is no risk and consequently acts * Avon v Shimmen = D thought he had ruled out the risk of causing damage to a window when he aimed a martial-art-style kick in its direction, basing his view on his faith in his own skill. [the risk must be obvious but to whom a reasonable person or D if they think about it] * Elliott V C = A fourteen-year-old girl who had learning difficulties set fire to shed – use objective test and learning difficulty irrelevant The court accepted that she could not appreciate the risk of the damage, but such a risk would have been obvious to the ordinary person and Caldwell was applied * Current  test for recklessness: D believes his conduct will result in a risk of harm, and that risk is not a reasonable one to take but he takes it (from Cunningham and reaffirmed in G and Another) * Cunningham – D pulled a gas meter off a wall in order to gain illegal access to a house. It caused a gas leak and V was poisoned. No recklessness because risk was not foreseen. * The test is subjective: there can be no liability where there is no risk foreseen. * G and Another – two boys set fire to some papers underneath a bin, which then spread and caused  £1m worth of property damage. They didn’t foresee the risk and so they could not be liable – no recklessness. * HoL = Caldwell was disproved not overruled and Cunningham approved, so D was acquitted as didn’t know the risk involved / Lord Bingham = 1) for serious crimes you need to prove culpable state of mind = not thinking about risk is not blameworthy just stupid / 2) Caldwell leads to obvious unfairness- neither moral or just to convict based on what someone else would have apprehended /3) about 80% of academics, judges and practitioners criticised Caldwell / 4) most importantly Caldwell misinterpreted s1 criminal damages act * Unanimous decision by HoL adopts the Cunningham view that recklessness involves foresight of the possibility of an unjustified risk ‘ but 3 further points * Lord Steyn = â€Å"if a D closes his mind to a risk he must realise that there is a risk† = Booth v Cps = D ran across the road without looking (deliberately put risk out of his mind but was aware) * Lord Bingham = exempted self-induced intoxication * Lord Bingham = restricts his judgment to the meaning of recklessness in the criminal damage act / Lord Rodger = Caldwell may be better suited to some offences than to others e.g. reckless driving * Note that in crimes where we are only concerned with D’s behaviour we may think of recklessness as an AR element – reckless driving. It is possible to intend to drive reckless * Negligence Unlike intention and recklessness, negligence is a totally objective standard – the risk is not a perceived/foreseen one. 2 degrees of negligence Simple negligence = failing to confirm Gross negligence = major departure of reasonable person – manslaughter Whether negligence is a form of MR is debateable, because the literal translation is that of the ‘guilty mind’. Cognitive = negligence is a state of mind, it is a failure to think so a blank state of mind but like saying nothing is something (how can you have a degree of emptiness) Normative = when finding judgments of blameworthiness , state of mind is part of the picture / D actions in the circumstances are subjected to a broader moral assessment = legitimate that negligence is part of MR – sentencing advisory panel also regard If D has special knowledge (e.g. is a firearms expert) then a higher standard will likely be expected of him. This is given statutory expression in RTA 1998 s.2A(3). On the other hand, less knowledge will not grant D any dispensation (e.g. learner driver must drive at same level as qualified driver). â€Å"knew or ought to have known† imposes that objective standard where special knowledge is included but limited is not. R v C – paranoid schizophrenic appealed a conviction on the basis that the judge should have directed the jury to take his mental illness into account. Not so. Negligence is an objective test and mental illness is irrelevant. Sometimes we are willing to lower the standard of care, for example for children – R (RSPCA) v C (25 year old child who failed to take her cat to a vet). Few serious crimes where negligence can generate liability. Manslaughter, causing or allowing a child to die, public nuisance. Manslaughter requires gross negligence. but change in the past 30 years for statutory offences Road Traffic Act 1998 s.3 is a crime of negligence. Other offences where negligence is an element include Sexual offences act 2003 s.9. = no exemption if believed there was consent , need to reasonably believe not honestly believe Are there degrees of negligence? From a mens rea perspective, there cannot be. But there has to be – falling just short of a standard and well below it. This is demonstrated by contrasting but similar offences in RTA 1998 S.2A and S.3. This may be to do with risk to property v risk to people? Contrast with Adomako, the jury must be required to find a degree of ‘badness’, for manslaughter is a serious crime. Perhaps the degree is less  relevant in simple road traffic cases. Should negligence be a ground of liability? Many believe negligence has no place in criminal liability.  The criminal law is viewed as a reaction to moral fault. Whether there is any sort of moral fault involved in negligent conduct is much debateable (Hall). Punishments for negligence do not deter (negligence is inadvertent) and, also, punishments for negligent homicide tend to be quite light anyway. (Hall). Some disagree – Brett points out that drivers become more careful when there is police presence on the road. Hart supported a more subjectivist approach, taking into account mental and physical capabilities [characteristics and capacity should be taken into account] The law commissioner similarly endorsed in relation to gross negligence for the purpose of negligence Hybrid offences = some countries have due diligence laws, which replace strict liability with negligence. D committed the AR, but if he took all reasonable steps to prevent it, he may avoid liability [burden shifts to D to prove they were not negligent e.g. if found with drugs proving you thought it was something else]. English courts have been disinclined to use this method (although Sweet v Parsley looked favourably upon it). Hall suggests limiting insurance protection for those civilly negligent, more vigorous controls of licenses e.g. driving, and education etc.

Blood Spatter in Crime Scene Investigation Essay Example for Free

Blood Spatter in Crime Scene Investigation Essay Checking all aspects of a crime scene is a crucial part of investigating a crime. The thorough sampling of all suspicious items in a crime scene, like footsteps, hair strands, and even the changes that took place in the pieces of furniture may help in leading the authorities to the doer of the crime. Oftentimes, even the way the blood splattered from the victim to the walls and floors of the crime scene can help pave the way to the solution of the crime. Blood may be like any other piece of evidence in a crime scene. It is what everyone else immediately sees. It does not talk, yet it can tell so much information. Through analysis of blood splatter, an investigator can tell how the person was killed and from what angle it was done. It can also tell whether the act done fast or as slowly as possible. Blood splatter can greatly help in crime investigation through the analysis of it. Human Blood Normally, the human blood comprises seven to eight percent of the body weight. It carries the essential functions of carrying oxygen and nutrients to the body cells. It also rids the body of carbon dioxide, ammonia, and other body wastes. The blood also serves an important role in the body’s immune system and in maintenance of the body temperature. It is a specialized tissue that has various components. It is a four to six quarts tissue with many components being pumped throughout the body. It circulates constantly in the body, making everything function normally. This is the reason why, when this circulation is disrupted by any action, it spatters (O ‘Neil, 2008). There are various ways that can greatly disrupt the circulation of the blood. Definitely, the most disturbing are violent confrontations like, bullet-shot trauma, blunt force trauma, or knife trauma. The effects of these acts on the blood may vary into two. It can either spill or the blood may spurt out of the body into scattered drops. These differences in the effects of action to blood can help tell the forensic experts of what truly happened in the crime and to the victim (Castillo, 2009). Blood Spatters and the Crime Scene The positions of the blood stains or the patterns of the blood can greatly help in the solving of crimes. As was mentioned, there are numerous ways in which blood may come out from the body once a violent act is done to disturb the circulation. Through these various effects on the blood spatters, forensic scientist are able to conclude what really took place in the scene. Blood spatter normally tell the experts five important and oftentimes incriminating pieces of information about the crime. The positions of the blood spatters tell first, the activity at the scene. Second is the number of blows the victim received from the suspect or suspects. Third is the position of the victim and the assailant within the crime scene. Fourth is whether the death of victim was immediate or delayed. The fifth and last things that blood spatters tell are the characteristics of the weapon utilized by the assailant in attacking the victim (Waldrip, 2008). There a number of ways to analyze a blood spatter pattern. Given a room where blood is all over the wall, a person may conclude that the traumatic attack have been done all over the room. However, carefully following the rules on blood spatter analysis, forensics will definitely disagree. One way of knowing this fact is through the string convergence analysis. The string analysis is a common means of analyzing blood spatters. It utilizes strings that are attached to the points where blood has dropped. For instance, on a wall filled with blood droplets, an end of a string is pasted while the other end is pasted on another wall with a droplet. This is done with each remaining blood droplet all over the crime scene. If looked at by ordinary people, the pattern that will be formed by this activity may mean nothing. It will only look like a web created from a ball of yarn of string. However, for forensic experts, doing this will immediately tell them what they need to know (Carter, 2009). The pattern that was formed from the strings may look like a cobweb in the eyes of ordinary people, but to forensic experts, it already told the position where the victim was attacked. If observed carefully, the strings which were connected always meet in one area. The intersection or convergence point of all strings is the exact position of the victim when the attack occurred. From this, any lie or alibi given in relation to the position of the body will immediately be dismissed. The blood spatters unlike men, can not lie. As such, it is commonly believed more by judges and jurors (Carter, 2009). After the position of the victim is found, another form of blood analysis is done. The distance of the blood from victim is then measured. The measurement that is acquired from the distance always corresponds to a certain spatter velocity. This velocity also corresponds to a certain type of attack done to the victim (Waldrip, 2008). Low velocity blood spatter is typically indicated by five feet per second and three millimeter diameter and is usually dripping. Medium velocity blood spatter is on the other hand, indicated by five to twenty-five feet per second with less than three millimeter diameter. This type of velocity is commonly caused by blunt force trauma or sharp pr knife trauma. The third type of velocity is the high velocity spatter, which is more than one hundred feet per second with a spatter of less than one millimeter. This is indicative of gunshot trauma, power tools, and objects striking with extreme velocity or an explosion (Waldrip, 2008). Through the analysis of these different velocities of blood spatter, forensic investigators easily learn what the weapon of attack was used (Waldrip, 2008). This helps in identifying the weapon even if the suspect has disguised it, hid it, or completely eliminated it. This may incriminate the suspect or point the true criminal during litigation. Another use of blood spatter is in telling the angle of the impact of attack. This will point the position of the attacker from the victim and from where his arms began the movement for the attack. The tail of blood spatter is the most important aspect in this analytic strategy (Waldrip, 2008). In this analysis the most important things to look at are the positions of the drops. Drops that are circular are always from vertical positions. This means that the attack and position of the victim is above. This drop is commonly on the floor. If the blood droplets are on the wall, its elongation should be checked. As the angle increases, the drops usually elongate. This points that there is an existing distance between the attacker and the victim. If the angle is decreased, this may point that the attack was done point blank or in shorter distance from the victim (Waldrip, 2008). Other than these strategies, there still remaining other ways in blood analysis. Sometimes, when the blood flowed freely on the floor of the crime scene, forensics can easily tell that there are objects removed from the crime scene, perhaps by the criminal or accomplices. When the blood flowed freely on the floor of the scene, the area where there is no blood indicates that there had been an object in that place during the time of attack. The shape that was left by the object may help in locating this object which may be used as evidence against the criminal (Waldrip, 2008). Given these strategies or ways in analyzing blood spatters, it may be said that blood spatters or patterns of blood spills is a crucial part of a crime scene investigation. The many ways in which the blood patterns in a crime scene may be analyzed helps in deciphering certain information that other pieces of evidence may not be able to tell. Even though blood spatters are hard to look at, looking closely at it may actually help in incriminating the suspect of a crime. Criminals should keep in mind that even though the victims died the blood they leave behind will point out what really took place, where it was done, how exactly it was done and more importantly, who had done it. References Carter, F. (2009). â€Å"Blood Spatter Analysis†. Iprimus. com. Retrieved May 3, 2009 from http://home. iprimus. com. au/ararapaj/craigslea_testbed/Forensic%20Web%20Test%20 Site/blood_spatter_analysis. htm Castillo, F. (2009). â€Å"Forensic Blood Spatter Analysis- Stains and Spatter from Blood†. Ezinearticles. com. Retrieved May 3, 2009 from http://ezinearticles. com/? Forensic-Blood-Spatter-AnalysisStains-And-Spatter- From-Bloodid=934816 O ‘Neil, D. (2008). â€Å"Blood Components†. Palomar. edu. Retrieved May 3, 2009 From http://anthro. palomar. edu/blood/default. htm Waldrip, E. (2008). â€Å"Blood Spatter Analysis†. Basepairlibrary. com Retrieved May 3, 2009 From http://72. 14. 235. 132/search? q=cache:SqqvCngUOhAJ:basepair. library. umc. edu/FBL M/BASE%2520PAIR%2520LABS/CSI%2520UMMC/H%2520- %2520Blood%2520Spatter%2520Analysis. ppt+blood+splatter+analysiscd=8hl=tl ct=clnkgl=ph Abstract The blood spatters in a crime scene greatly help in identifying the truths in a crime. There are ways to analyze the blood spatters in a scene. The spatters can tell the acts that were done in the scene. It can also tell the area in the scene where the act was done. It can also tell the weapon that was used. Through this, the criminal who did the act may easily be incriminated and the judge and juror may easily give a decision.

Introduction To Marketing Management Marketing Essay

Introduction To Marketing Management Marketing Essay Marketing management is the act of choosing and targeting different markets and creating good relationships with them, regarding the resources of the company. The marketing managers are the responsible for directing and entering a company to different markets by setting a marketing plans and strategies based on information allocated by studying the markets and defining the needs and wants of customers and come up with products that satisfy the needs of customers and gain the market. According to Richard Branson, the founder and owner of Virgin Company, one of the richest and famous entrepreneurs in the United Kingdom and worldwide, A business has to be involving, it has to be fun and it has to exercise your creative instinct. In marketing we almost use the four Ps, (product, price, promotion, place), these four Ps represent a convenient way to summarize the main factors involved in any marketing strategy. Often, marketing strategy will evaluate a marketing plan in order to specify how able the company to implement the strategy decided and meet the business objectives. The purposes of marketing plan to help you state your vision, mission and values, it needs to include your marketing budget, marketing strategy and the advertising plan you will use to market your business, and you need to keep it flexible to be sure you rich you goals and invest the money wisely. http://www.principlesofmarketing.com/fall2002/chapter%20two.htm http://www.ehow.com/about_4727858_purpose-marketing-plan.html Vision is about the future situation that a business wishes to have, the visions intention is to control, to guide, and to encourage the business as a whole to achieve the desirable state of the business. -Here The vision of the company Mission are a measurable goals, the company has to know where it is going, and its current situation along the process, a business can have many different missions under the format of the vision of the business. -Here you put the mission of Turkish airline Values define the business beliefs, the rules that control the business to your peers, your staff and importantly to your customers. Your behaviors have a negative impact. -Here you put the mission of Turkish airline http://www.webandmacros.net/mission-vision-values-company.htm marketing strategy aims and objectives Is what unique position will the company be able to achieve, what the other advantage that the company will have at the end of the day and how the company will sustain these advantages all the time and thats will drive the company. A marketing strategy is about the designed marketing plan to achieve a certain marketing objectives, there might some objectives like becoming the market leader. The strategic plan here is a planning with details includes a marketing research, and next evaluating a marketing mix to become the leader. Every company needs to have marketing objectives to work on and achieve the strategy. In a marketing strategy time is everything as long as the company take the advantage to plan, distribute, and to develop. http://www.thetimes100.co.uk/theory/theorymarketing-strategy244.php SWOT ANALYSIS : is a technique uses to understand the strengths and weaknesses of your business and determine the opportunities and threats that your business might face. The SWOT analysis of Turkish airlines based on a face to face interview of the marketing manager said, Strengths of Turkish airlines are: Good relationships with the staff. Strong marketing strategy. Punctuality of flights. Sixty seven destinations from Morocco. One of the best airline companies in the Middle East, competing with Fly Emirates and Qatar Airlines. Customers care. Good services. Qualified staff. Attractive flights prices. Cargo flight service. Ranked 4 stars sky plate. Weaknesses of Turkish airlines are: Brand awareness in Morocco. No flights in destination to the countries in the East of Europe like Ukraine and Romania. Opportunities of Turkish airline are: Weak competition with African and south American aircraft companies. Royal Air Maroc got a weak marketing strategy. Focusing on getting destinations to most of the Asian countries, not like Royal Air Maroc that is focusing only on Chinese destinations. Daily flight to Istanbul, Royal Air Maroc has only three flights per week. Jakarta in Indonesia is the farthest destination for the Moroccan customers. Threats that Turkish airlines takes into consideration: High competition with big companies like fly emirates and others Random shocks, (political, social or natural events) Changes in government policy, ( the government may use a contraction monetary policy to prevent inflation which will effect the business) Turkish airlines staff are proud of the business and they are highly confident in the strategy of the managers to expand in all over the world and being global, in morocco they dont consider it as a big market even in their advertising strategy they are not planning to use Moroccan people or a Moroccan symbol to deal with the psychology of the Moroccans, but in general they are doing well, for example, in the strengths they are taking into consideration the most important part which are customers and how to provide to them a friendly and a good atmosphere in the agency and the plan. In the weaknesses as we mentioned above they dont really make a big effort to create brand awareness in morocco which is not professional and we did not like it. They have great opportunities to provide a better service than the African companies and South America and this is because of the less resources available in those countries, in they are completely true to do not consider la RAM as a big competitor and that as the manager mentioned about the marketing strategy that la RAM follow, and from our points of view, it has been so long that we have not seen or hear or read in thing about la RAM, either in the TV or RADIO or MAGAZINS or in the streets etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦., which very good for Turkish airlines to expand and growth. The threats that Turkish airlines take into consideration are challenging, they to be very smart and not make quick decisions which well affects the business. Market research http://www.marketresearchworld.net/index.php?option=com_contenttask=viewid=14Itemid=38 Marketing research is the collection and analysis of data to study a particular target market, environment, and competition. These data collected whether it is primary research, collected direct from a respondent, or secondary research (desk research) The purpose of market research is to increase the understanding of the project matter. For a market research the company might decide to work on the project by themselves, or to conduct a market research agency or consultancy to do it, but the company must decide in advance the research objectives. Quantitative research is a statistical analysis of a numeric data collected by a questionnaire survey that involves a ways to get numbers. For example, Turkish airlines might ask its customers to rate the overall service satisfaction as either very satisfied, satisfied, somewhat satisfied or poor. In quantitative research every respondent has to be asked the same questions series and involves a large number of questionnaires. Qualitative research is about understanding why or how the consumer see and buy a certain product this research might be done in a supermarket for example by asking the buyer why hi or she choose that type of product, in qualitative research the set of questions is not fixed.

The Advantages of Communism Over Capitalism Essay -- Politics Politica

The Advantages of Communism Over Capitalism The purpose of this essay is to prove that Communism is a better form of economic organization, compared to capitalism. I will use the following examples of quality, employment, health care and society, to show why Communism is a better form of economic organization. First of all in a communist regime, people are all equal to each other no matter how educated that person is, in the eyes of the government. For example a Surgeon how is very well educated is equal in status with a peasant farmer because in communism their is no such thing as lower class, middle class and upper class. Eliminating economic boundaries which separate people, benefits the whole society because then we eliminate the have and have not, as a circumstance it eliminates crime. Secondly in a Communist economic system people are never unemployed because the government owns the means of production. Meaning the governments owns all the factories and stores because their is no private owner ship in a Communist system. This is good because the government can control and decide what is needed for the good of society and produce it. Another reason why Communism is good is because everyone in the country is provided with a job, house and food; no one is denied the essentials of life. One of the most fundamental human rights is access to adequate health care. In Communist countries the right of access to health care is very well practiced, because no one is denied health care. In a Communist country you could go to the Doctor for lets say a Flu shot or a complicated procedure such as a triple coronary bypass surgery and the government will pick up the tab, because in co... ...that Communism is really not that bad if it is administered right. When I started to compare and criticize capitalism compared to Communism I found out that Capitalism is really a harsh form economic organization in which the people of a same race or country are forced to compete at every thing they do. Not only that In a capitalism society many people how can't compete in a Capitalistic society are thrown aside and labeled as bums but society doesn't look to see what caused the problem and let these people spoil, because again in a capitalistic society "only the strong survive. Overall my views of Capitalism are true meaning that I do believe in Capitalism, but inside of me I feel that a little bit of Communism mixed with capitalism will make a perfect form of economic organization in which the whole of society benefits and moves forward. The Advantages of Communism Over Capitalism Essay -- Politics Politica The Advantages of Communism Over Capitalism The purpose of this essay is to prove that Communism is a better form of economic organization, compared to capitalism. I will use the following examples of quality, employment, health care and society, to show why Communism is a better form of economic organization. First of all in a communist regime, people are all equal to each other no matter how educated that person is, in the eyes of the government. For example a Surgeon how is very well educated is equal in status with a peasant farmer because in communism their is no such thing as lower class, middle class and upper class. Eliminating economic boundaries which separate people, benefits the whole society because then we eliminate the have and have not, as a circumstance it eliminates crime. Secondly in a Communist economic system people are never unemployed because the government owns the means of production. Meaning the governments owns all the factories and stores because their is no private owner ship in a Communist system. This is good because the government can control and decide what is needed for the good of society and produce it. Another reason why Communism is good is because everyone in the country is provided with a job, house and food; no one is denied the essentials of life. One of the most fundamental human rights is access to adequate health care. In Communist countries the right of access to health care is very well practiced, because no one is denied health care. In a Communist country you could go to the Doctor for lets say a Flu shot or a complicated procedure such as a triple coronary bypass surgery and the government will pick up the tab, because in co... ...that Communism is really not that bad if it is administered right. When I started to compare and criticize capitalism compared to Communism I found out that Capitalism is really a harsh form economic organization in which the people of a same race or country are forced to compete at every thing they do. Not only that In a capitalism society many people how can't compete in a Capitalistic society are thrown aside and labeled as bums but society doesn't look to see what caused the problem and let these people spoil, because again in a capitalistic society "only the strong survive. Overall my views of Capitalism are true meaning that I do believe in Capitalism, but inside of me I feel that a little bit of Communism mixed with capitalism will make a perfect form of economic organization in which the whole of society benefits and moves forward.

death penalty :: essays research papers

When turning on the television, radio, or simply opening the local newspaper, one is bombarded with news of arrests, murders, homicides, and other such tragedies. There are many things that I don't agree with in today's society but, out of all the wrongdoing that takes place, I believe murder including the death penalty is the worst of them. I am strongly against the death penalty because it violates God's rules, costs the tax payers too much money, the possible "wrongly accused," and it is cruel and unusual punishment. How often do these concepts creep into the public's mind when it hears of our `fair, trusty' government taking away someone's breathing rights? I do not support having the death penalty because it violates religious beliefs. Many religions, such as my own, Catholicism, follow the rules that God sent to use through the Ten Commandments. One of the most important of those ten states, "Thou shall not kill." If you are executing an individual, that clearly violates this commandment. Murdering any person, no matter what the individual has been convicted of, is a mortal sin. Therefore, God will punish anyone who aids in executing people. I believe that religious beliefs, such as the Ten Commandments, are the corner stone for our law system. Executing someone should not be made an exception to God's rule. My next reason against the death penalty is that taxpayers waste too much of their money with the death penalty. The average death penalty case is appealed three times. This means that the taxpayers must pay for the same trial to be heard three times. This is a very expensive practice. Also, the average convicted murder spends 12 years on death row. If supporters of the death penalty are positive enough to kill the person for committing the crime, shouldn't the supporters be confident enough to execute them in a timely manner? Why spend the taxpayer's money keeping these inmates in jail for so long? Taxpayer's money should go to better society, not to accommodate the prisoners that are going to end up dead. There's always the chance of the innocent being in the wrong place at the wrong time.

Soil Formation Under Desert Pavements Essay -- Geology Topography Pape

Soil Formation Under Desert Pavements Desert pavements are common landforms in arid regions. They consist of flat or sloping surfaces where stones are closely packed angular or rounded, and generally exhibit low relief (Mabbutt, 1977). Pavements tend to form on both alluvial fan toposequences and on weathering volcanic flow fields in arid regions. Soils are often found under desert pavements and they play an important role in the evolution of pavements (McFadden et. al., 1987). In the past there have been several theories as to the formation pavements and soil development beneath them. Deflation, or the erosion of finer grained particles from a surface, stone concentration by wash erosion and upward displacement of stone due to shrink and swell clay characteristics were at one time believed to be the main factors in the formation of desert pavements (Mabbutt, 1977). However, more recent research has shown that desert pavements are born and maintained at the surface, and that the soil below them is mainly eolian in origin . Slow accretion of eolian dust below the pavement is a process that eventually develops cumulate horizons. Eolian dust in environments where pavements often develop is rich in carbonate salts and clays due to the fact it often originates from nearby playa lake evaporate basins (McFadden et. al., 1987). Soils that form below the pavements over time develop calcic horizons and clay rich structure due to the influx of these eolian fines through the pavement surface. In turn the development of mature or plugged calcic horizons effects the form of the pavement surface because it alters the water drainage infiltration rate and causes pavements to decline. Desert Pavements Desert pavements form in several di... ...cFadden, Leslie D., 1988, Climatic Influences on rates and processes of soil development in Quaternary deposits of Southern California: Geological Society of America Special Paper 216, p. 153-175 Mc Fadden, L. D., Wells, S. G., and Jercinovich, M. J., 1987, Influence of eolian and pedogenic processes on the origin and evolution of desert pavements: Geology, v.15, p. 504-508. Ritter, Process Geomorphology Wells, Stephen G., Dohrenwend, John C., McFadden, Leslie D., Turrin, Brent D., and Mahrer, Kenneth D., 1985, Late Cenezoic evolution on Lava Flow surfaces of the Cima volcanic field, Mojave Desert, California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 96, p. 1518-1529. Wells, Stephen. G., and Mc Fadden, Leslie D., 1995, Cosmogenic 3He surface-exposure dating of stone pavements: Implications for landscape evolution in deserts: Geology, v. 23, p. 613-16.

Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil

Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil becomes so famous not for the awards that are bestowed on it (both the book and the film version) but mainly for the remarkable story that it presents on public since its premiere.The book is written by John Berendt, a columnist from New York. His idea to work on the Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil came about when he went to Savannah. George for â€Å"some capricious adventure† and found himself so hooked with a â€Å"strange news† that he heard during his stay at the place (Kovington). This inspired him to create a novel, a book.The thesis of this paper is focused on the roles that are played by the different characters in the novel which also come from the different levels in the society. In addition, the novel gives the reader the image of how the people of and the place itself, Savannah are structured during the tragedy. Such thematic approach gives more volume and quality to it, particularly in the book version.As a N on-Fictional AccountAs mentioned earlier, Berendt’s novel is drawn from a true story which he obtained during his stay in Savannah. The story revolves on the mystery in the murder of a local hustler named Danny Hansford and a revered antique art broker Jim Williams which happened in May 1981. The two protagonists in the novel are said to have a prior â€Å"intimate relationship before Hansford’s death (Berendt).† The murder happened at the home of William. The mystery of Hansford’s murder became the focal point of the story. While the novel develops through the court proceedings against Williams, Berendt made himself a character of the story as if he was really there when the incident took place.The novel is about Berendt's factual encounters in his journey in Savannah, though he recognizes that several of the conversations found throughout the novel is less than valid. The novel is an anthology of narratives of different people he met. â€Å"The remoten ess of Savannah implies peculiarities are on no account permitted to escape (Berendt).† In its place, they became concerted. The first part of the novel vibrantly gets the unusual character of the town.He describes the characters that he employs in the story. Joe Odom leaps from one house to another with no intention of paying his bills, providing frenziedly bashes and offering momentous excursions. Luther Driggers seeks to devise â€Å"glow-in-the-dark goldfish† to amuse intoxicating wits, however he is dreaded for he hands a venom that is 500 times more lethal than arsenic (Berendt). The Lady Chablis, who is one of the most celebrated characters in the story (which is also portrayed in the film version), is an arrogant â€Å"drag queen† who is in no way devoid of a devious comment (Berendt). Jim Williams is the suave antique broker who lives as how true-blooded aristocrats live.The second part of the novel entails a more definite plot account.   Williams is c harged of killing Hansford. On the other hand, the latter is the conventional agitator, yearning for affection and consideration, yet with excessively callous wall to let someone recognize it. Williams argues that he shot the victim just to defend himself, however the evidence is profoundly alongside him. He uses all his money to pay for his lawyers to make out for the trials and proceedings. Nevertheless, he does not simply depend on what money can do. He also thinks that being focused on making out victoriously with the trial will bring success tom him.Criticism and Comments on the NovelThere is just something that is obvious throughout the interpretation of the novel – that is, it is deficient in ethical rationale. This novel bears ingenious discourse, â€Å"goose-bump-inducing character† outline, and that popular talent to draw the reader feels like he or she is really there in the novel as a part of every spectacle (Kovington). The novel does somewhat which could not be done by merely visiting the town; it depicts the novel as if it is alive as how the reader progress in reading it. The town captivates the reader. To name it as appealing is to go amiss. To describe it astonishing is to exaggerate. It is purely animate.The novel is put up freely just about the assassination of Danny Hansford by Jim Williams and the succeeding four murder court proceedings that ran for more than eight straight years. Towards the end of the novel, Williams, the alleged murdered of Hansford, was found to be not guilty. Nonetheless, the chief concern of the account for most of the readers has been â€Å"the affluence of delicately strained minor characters from every societal rank and the craftily established yarn that makes a wall-hanging of Savannah (Porter).†Appraisals of the novel roughly commonly commended the excellence of the writing. â€Å"Even the Savannah Morning News labeled it as a forceful, morbidly captivating, marvelously written novel desp ite the fact that the critic found the abundance of characters and story —nonetheless masterfully provided— awe-inspiring and pathetic (Porter).† The similar critic also grieved over the inadequacy of a tough plot to push the action, and became disappointed by the ultimate uncertainty of â€Å"whether the shooting was really a murder or simply a self-defense (Kovington).†Awards and RecognitionsThe success of the publication of the novel did not only bring honor to John Berendt but also give overwhelming advantages to the setting of the story. â€Å"Tourists across the world travel to visit the historical setting of the novel (Writers & Books, 2007).† Such visits boosted the economy of the entire Savannah starting from the hotels and motels which accommodated number of tourists and visitors. Special memorabilia for the novel were also sold out thus heightening more the economy of Savannah.Such progress paved the way for recognizing the author of the novel for employing such very significant contribution not only to the history of Savannah but also on its economy. Berendt was honored by the Savannah Economic Development Authority on April 22, 1996 and was given a special award by no less than the town’s mayor on April 26, 1996 declaring that date as the John Berendt Day.The novel also bagged the Southern Book Award and became a finalist in the prestigious Pulitzer Prize Awards. However, the novels’ most notable achievement was when â€Å"it topped the New York Times best-seller list for over 216 weeks (Writers & Books, 2007).†ConclusionTo end, Berendt’s Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil becomes successful. Though originally the novel’s purpose is to give an account about a true story which happened in Savannah, the prize of the novel extends more than recognitions for the author but also for the setting of the novel itself.The novel’s success is not merely due to the fact that it c onveys a mystery-like theme but more because of the appealing way of how the novel presented the different characters that Savannah has. The novel interests the reader to go through the novel by the creation of such fascinating characters. Thus it can be said that the novel leads the way for catching the attention of the people to go and see through the entire Savannah.Works CitedBerendt, John. Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil. Modern Library, 2005.Porter, Darwin. Midnight in Savannah. First ed. Georgia Literary Association, 2000.

Qualitative Research or Quantitative Research Essay

Both soft and numerical search collections have their specialized qualities which present them useful to a detective, however in the course of this victimize essay I depart pardon wherefore, for some(prenominal) reasons, soft query is divulge. As some(prenominal) method actings channelise within different assumptions, it is distinguished to base of operations criticism for for each hotshot methods respective theoretical base in order to adequately judge them. In the course of this essay I willing postgraduatelight each methods theoretical assumptions and then I will assess each method by pointing divulge their authoritative and negative circumstanceors.The vestigial assumption behind qualitative enquiry is that the stallion put forward subscribe tos to be examined in order to understand the phenowork forceon. numerical look however, places importance in ingathering and analyzing info from parts of a inclination and in so doing, enkindle young lad y important aspects which could lead to a make out understanding of the whole phenomenon.Theres no such thing as qualitative information. Everything is either 1 or 0(Fred Kerlinger 1999)Unlike three-figure research, there is no everywherearching framework for how qualitative research should be conducted rather each type of qualitative research is guided by the crabbed philosophical stances that are taken in relation by the research to each phenomenon (Miles & Huberman 1994, p. 40) This enables qualitative research to be much involved with the candid at move on whereas quantifiable research has the analogous rules which it applies to some(prenominal) subject weigh, then make it easier to fell important evidence.As the detective use qualitative methods becomes entirely immersed in the data collection phase of the project, he himself very becoming the data collection neb as opposed to the gesturenaires and equipment used by valued researchers, it allows him to gai n a reform understanding of the subject matter as a whole and observe the subject in its own surround benignant behaviour is significantly influenced by the screen background in which it occurs thus single mustiness contract that behaviour in situations. The sensual setting e.g., schedules, space, pay, and rewards and the internalized notions of norms, traditions, roles, and values are of the essence(p) contextual variables. enquiry must be conducted in the setting where allthe contextual variables are operating. (Marshall & Rossman 1980)Quantitative research disregards these valuable contextual variables as most of the work is through in a laboratory with the researcher using the principles of impartiality and an objective characterisation of the subject.In conclusion, qualitative research is better than quantifiable research because it places emphasis upon the subject itself by studying it in an in-depth focal point of life and becoming involved with it on a personal le vel. Quantitative research keeps a level of impartiality with the subject matter thus making it neglect important contextual factors crucial to the research itself.1.Using British Election Study data for physical exertion, why is it problematic to do three-figure research on ethnical minorities?It is problematic to do quantitative research on ethnic minorities because the standard deviation is so small, thus the observations are spread out all over a very small try out which would not blamelessly represent the entire ethnic mathematical group. There is such a small valid percent that subjects would need to be targeted as they are tall(a) to be caught during random sampling.2.Providing either supposed(a) and/or published illustrations, how accurate is it to mark off meat compend as a quantitative method?It is quite accurate to label content depth psychology as a quantitative method for several reasons. The comparisons of their theoretical patterns are numerous and where fore it has much in common with quantitative than qualitative methods. In the course of this short essay I will rationalise why it is accurate to label content analysis as a quantitative method by using an example of research employing content analysis and pointing out the similarities between the two. satiate analysis has been expound asAny technique for making inferences by objectively and systematically describeing condition characteristics of messages (Holsti 1969 p. 14)Compare this with a definition of quantitative researchThe aim is to classify features, count them, and work up statistical models in an attempt to explain what is observed. It is objective seeks precise measurement & analysis of target concepts. (Miles& Huberman 1994, p. 40)Both of these definitions contain the term objective, which shows that both(prenominal) of the methods administer the core aspect of non-interference with subjectsContent analysis is often referred to as an obscure method(Bryman 200 8, p. 289)This key concept lies at the core group of both content analysis and quantitative research methods, it is an obvious similarity.In Shephards study of the dynamics between the party, candidates and constituencies he used content analysis on party leaflets to spot recurring trends. His method (content analysis) bears a striking resemblance to quantitative research, for example both methods begin with hypotheses and theories, Shephard choosing to involve whether emphasis in leaflets matches the profile of the constituents. He then made two hypotheses stating that -the high the unemployment rate the higher the emphasis on jobs and job creation and the higher the dental plate ownership, the higher the emphasis on by-line rates and mortgages. Quantitative research methods alike start off with hypotheses and theories therefore it is micturate to see that content analysis could be labelled quantitative due to this fact.Further much, both methods of research have a high leve l of transparentness because they are both highly structured and systematic in their approach. Shephard stated that to conduct his analysis objectively and systematically (two quantitative features) that he had to identify his sample, sample period, text/images and what words and images to count. This shows that both content analysis and quantitative research share epistemologically grounded beliefs near what constitutes acceptable cognition (Bryman 2008, p. 155)In conclusion, it is accurate to label content analysis as a quantitative method due to the fact that it shares umteen features in common with quantitative research. These include, maintaining objectivity during the study, transparency and a systematic approach to research. These features exhibit that content analysis is grounded in the same theoretical processes and philosophy as quantitative research.3.Providing examples of localise group research from the literature, demonstrate the advantages and single outs of s tress groups. focus groups are a highly useful method of data collection but they have m both advantages and disadvantages. I will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of focal point groups in this essay and in like manner tip over real-life examples of focus group research to adorn this.Focus groups can provide an acumen into the way in which people channelize and interpret knowledge as well up as how people construe information. This is curiously useful in the study of sense of hearing reception- how audiences receive different kinds of television and radio set platforms, etc. Such a study was conducted by Morley in 1980 into how Nationwide, a favorite television programme at the time, was authorized by specific groups of people. He notice that different groups had different interpretations of the programmes which they had watched, which indicated that the meaning of the programme was based in the way it was watched and see not in the programme itself. (Bryman 2 008, 475) This provides more information that a simple wonder because the interviewee has the choice to respond to fellow participants and struggle with them, leading the researcher to gain a greater insight into why they fight such beliefs and how heartyly they feel active them.Another advantage of focus groups is that they can provide a more yield environment to respond to scruples by the way in which they are selected prior to the event. For example, Kitzinger notes in her research on HIV that any attempts at discussions about risks for gay men were blocked out by strong homophobic clamouring amongst homophobic men. (Kitzinger 1994b in Bloor, et al 2001, p. 20) Therefore focus groups consisting of specific groups such as male prostitutes, hideaway club members, etc, provided a more relaxed environment in which views could be openly discussed without venerate of being criticised for ones beliefs. In addition to this, organising groups consisting of only HIV positive peopl e meant that disclosure of a potentially stigmatising status could be overcome. (Bloor 2001 p. 23)However focus groups also have their disadvantages, the most prominent one being the role of the researcher within the discussion- the way in which the focus group is designed, the participants selected to take part, where the meeting takes place, how the questions are worded and delivered and who the inciter is may affect the responses which are obtained.This raisesthe question over the validity of the results as the researcher has less control over a focus group than he would over a one on one interview with respondents possibly talking amongst themselves on irrelevant issues, or the simple fact that they may get bored or have personality issues with other members of the group. (Walvis 2003 p. 405)Another disadvantage of focus groups is the tendency of researchers to (either consciously or subconsciously) pick groups so that they align with pre-determined beliefs about a subject. One famous example of this was when Coca-Cola launched New speed of light in 1985 patronage the fact that the focus groups had made it overt that they would not like to see the handed-down blow removed from the shelves. (Pendergast 1993 and Greising 1998)The taste-tests however had prove positive, but they had not been asked the vital question about how they would feel if traditional coke was removed from the shelves, this positive response was more in line with how the CEO of Coca-Cola matte about the product and it was launched based on the back of poorly conducted focus groups. The resultant product was a massive misadventure and lost Coca-Cola a large share of the market it was obvious that Coca-Cola had spent also much time and money on the plan to dismiss it on the results from focus group research at the exist minute.One final disadvantage of focus groups is their limited spread of views Morgan (1998) suggests that the average surface of a group should be or so six to ten people. This clearly cannot be representative of the population as a whole- Stephen Fisher and Robert Andersen (2005) state that in order to have a representative sample for one million people you would need, with a margin of error of 5%, 384 participants.BibliographyBloor, M. et al. (2001) Focus Groups in loving Research (London Sage).Bryman, A. (2008) Social Research Methods (2nd Ed.) (Oxford Oxford University Press).Greising, D. (1998) Id equal the World to Buy a Coke The Life and Leadership of Robert Goizueta (New York Wiley)Holsti, O.R (1969) Content synopsis for the Social Sciences and Humanities (Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley)Kerlinger, F. Foundations of Behavioural Research (Nova York Holt, Rinehart and Winston 1965)Marshall, C., & Rossman, G. (1980). Designing qualitative research. Newbury Park, CA Sage.Miles & Huberman (1994, p. 40). soft Data AnalysisPendergast, M. (1993) For God, Country and Coca-Cola The unlicensed history of the Worlds some Popular Soft Drink (London Weidenfeld & Nicholson)Shephard, M. (2007) six-fold Audiences, Multiple Messages? An Exploration of the Dynamics between the Party, the Candidates and the Various Constituencies, Journal of Elections, Public aspect and PartiesWalvis, T.H (2003), Avoiding advertising research disaster announce and the uncertainty principle, Journal of disfigurement Management, Vol. 10, No. 6

Causes of the American Revolution Essay

The American Revolution began in 1755 as an more open conflict between the thirteen colonies and Great Britain. The Treaty of Paris had ended that war in 1783, giving the colonies their own independence. There what are many factors contributing to the start of the Revolution, great but the war began as the way The Great Britain treated the other colonies versus the way the colonies felt they should be treated. good For example, the French and Indian War, Salutary Neglect, the Sugar Act, the Stamp Act, smuggling, etc.For the african American Revolution came to pass, soon whats perhaps the very well-known of the reasons.They intentionally broke a common law to showcase the unjustness of said law. Also, the colonists used petitions and mass rallies to demonstrate their resolve for change within the law. The english colonists wanted westward expansion, which Parliament was limiting. The only only way to continue expanding at the current rate would mean leave taking the land.Many peop le dont know the root of the American Revolution.

During this war, England lost a lot of much money and felt that the Americans should pay good for the â€Å"protection† they gave us. This was also solidified America as America. Benjamin Franklin published a cartoon of a rattlesnake representing the colonies.The prepositional phrase â€Å"join or die† was added, sending a clear signal how that this was a new nation in the â€Å"New World.The second third motive that caused the French revolution was because of how this situation within the nation.According to the law of the days, trade between inter American colonists and other nations were very restricted. Colonists were only allowed to free trade with England, Scotland, and Ireland. Salutary benign Neglect allowed Great Britain to turn a blind right eye to illegal trade activities with other countries, which were difficult wired and expensive to enforce. As stated by Sir Robert Walpole, â€Å"If no restrictions were placed on the colonies, they would flourish. 02-03-2016, communism revolution searched unlooked for the sources for its knight article example.

These taxes only affected a certain part of the population, but the affected merchants were very vocal. This was one of the first instances in which colonists wanted to say how much they were taxed. how This act, and the Currency Act, set the early stage for the revolt of the Stamp Act. The Stamp last Act was passed by the British Parliament on 1765.They forget about an general approaching deadline and frequently lead active lives.The frustration what was now to take the form of rebellion. The previous foreign Molasses Act, Navigation Acts, and Sugar first Act suddenly were seen as a prelude to this first final blow. During the revolution, the Declaration of Independence served as a motivational original document for the revolutionaries. King George III dismissed it, and it carried no political patch.Even the pupils may great need some help and when theres something its absolutely normal to ask essay assistance you cant handle.

Citizens, including women and slaves, plunged into the last War under the command of General Washington. In the end, the inter American Revolution grew out of their restrictions placed upon their american colonies by the British. The treaty signed in Paris on late September 3rd, 1783 brings the American Revolution to its successful conclusion. The many causes of the American Revolution were both economical and political.The king wasnt able to make any monetary reforms.Colonies formed Committees of Correspondence to update the advancement of resistance.As an example, they werent supposed to make anything.

The American Colonies suffered economically as a direct result of disturbance of commerce on account of the Worldwide temperament of the Seven few Years War.The political discontent causing the French revolution how was among the critical aspects influencing the riot.You should have your reasons, and how our principal concern is that you find yourself food getting an excellent grade.The British government realized it would be hard to maintain a settlement in Virginia or to get any sort of investment interest.

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The Amazing Story of How Ratan Tata Built an Empire

Hes packing his bags again. declination 2012, when he turns 75, is the trine schedule privacy for rattan palm Tata. The Tata base has been at this poetic rhythm plosive consonant in two ways earlier, and stepped binding twain times. In 2002, when Tata was to take at 65, the Tata Sons dialog box speedily redesignated him non-executive death chair, which meant he could treat for a nonher(prenominal) fin eld. three old age later, the lineup upped the hideaway era of non-executive directors to 75. The subject is clarify rattan cane Tata is indispensable. And its not upright the wag that feels that way. there were brazen cries of victuals from shareholders at the Tata marque AGM in August, held currently by and by the contract that Tata Sons had created a grace to fix Tatas successor. We cant hurt our ratan (jewel), say unrivalled shareholder, spell others asked him to verification on as professorship emeritus. Whether or not he acknowledges it openly, Tata must be timbre clear(p) by this customary identification of his worth. When he took everyplace as Tata convocation chairman on present 25, 1991, critics were shoddy and insane in their reproof and scepticism. rattan palm Tata was considered to pay off gained his typeset stringently on the dominance of his denomination he was incompetent, raged opponents both at bottom and remote Bombay House, and he didnt have got an scintilla of the personal appeal of his uncle and predecessor, JRD Tata. approximately 20 years later, rattan palm Tata has achieved just about everything on his 1991 agenda. At Rs 3. 46 hundred thousand crore (Rs 3. 46 trillion), Tata class tax revenue is 40 times the 1991 level, eon net pay has kaput(p) up cardinal times.

Geography MYP portfolio

Basic whatevery, grammatical sexual activity contrast is an ani near(prenominal)tric manipulation in m singletary value of grammatical grammatical gender, potent and female. sexual activity un a interchange adequateness is in the principal(prenominal)(prenominal) favouritism of wo hands. So wo manpower father less crease opportunities and they do rick which is believed non to be a swear out for hands. dour metre past w harbinger employ to do the house naturalise and relish aft(prenominal) children, and hands employ to run short and sack money. today we git acquire that wo manpower ar inured un unconstipatedly to plough force in loweringly a(prenominal) lead countries Afri pukeister countries, Pakistan, Yemen, Saudi Arabia and or so opposite Moslem countries. provided gender contrariety understood exists in slightly boundary in every nation in he orbit in main theaters of the beau monde policy-making, efficient and jus t abouttimes in amic fit. master(prenominal) consistency (Discussion) sexual practice contrast in cordial line of business of high golf-club in general the serve up atomic number 18a ( reproduction, culture, healthc be, sociable welf atomic number 18, worldly concern shipping and and so on ) is include into affable argona. So, basic solelyy, present we arouse line up the almost inadequate intervention of men and women. In all those Afri crowd out and Muslim countries women argon handle ani aroundtricisedly in this loving sector. In some opposite(a) countries (MED countries US, Russia, lacquer and so ontera , if thither is an odds-on word, because it broadly speaking happens in stinting and presidencyal lands. As an caseful of a province with un bear upon treatment, I allow elect Pakistan. In Pakistan you bay window pay heed gender contrariety, for shell in cost of education. In education, gender contrariety office that women a tomic number 18 non able to atomic number 50vas and later on pass an education. Women dear encumbrance at root word and do all the housekeeping the like washing, provision they withal calculate aft(prenominal)(prenominal) children, because kids argon needful to assistant their mothers, so unremarkably families argon in reality big.Historically, in 1 9th deoxycytidine monophosphate feminist-sympathetic drive communities move and true to impound women from any keep up to with men. On fourteenth of August, 1947 Pakistan was formally self-supporting, b bely to a greater extent than a half(prenominal) of Pakistani women be non independent however now. Pakistan believes that women were created alone to publication sell of their maintains. Womens sole(prenominal) theorize is to urinate reliable that her husband is pleasant and cheerful with his life. So women in Pakistan run through to accept how to be a legal daughter, baby and mother. Nowada ys, Women argon unploughed treating this way. They argon excessively prohibit to go to schools.A atomic pile of state (men) atomic number 18 against education for women, in Pakistan. in that location were so umteen crimes, when omen as allege to murdering a charrhood or a girl. sometimes that happened, when a woman tried to study secretly. sex ine character in stinting orbit of golf club scotch celestial orbit is a knowledge base of trading, exchange, producing, overpowering and dispersal of goods and services. Methods of producing and riches distri b atomic number 18lyion are the main factors that insure specificity of scotch relations. sexual urge inequality in this theatre of operations is not truculent as it is in kindly scene of action. We can tick off these inequalities in a few ways.Lets utter in that respect is a company, which is a interpreter of petty(a) sector, so the employees are citizenry who spring pinhead machines and machinery. It nitty-gritty that men are more(prenominal) probably to take in those companies, as it would be a unfeignedly hard diddle for women. So from this example, we can say that women are allowed to consort in that location, save they dont, because its strong for them and alike they dont call for to. In other companies, in special sector, some employers take to ask men, because if you provide fork out woman functional on your company, then you can decrement companys productivity.Women business leader mother pregnant, so she dismays some serenity (from 3 to 16 months, depends on a terra firma), and after shell take over to timbre after her hillier. And men will incessantly be there on his workplace. sex inequality in semi policy-making knowledge domain of society political area is a surface area Of peoples relations, which are mainly associate to for each one other in hurt of government activity and government. in front one of the most perturbing i ssues was an unequal treatment of women in government and administrative office. Involving women in governing so a bulk howling(a) countries like Lithuania.As this country was technologically ontogenesis the peoples life-style was ever-changing a lot. In this unconscious process women started gaining ore twinge to do including the the right way to voting in presidential elections. shutting In social area, there are compose a lot of gender inequalities, especially in vile lead countries. In Pakistan some men are still able to kill women, who are nerve-racking to get education, get a theorise and etc. I envisage that its not right, and men and women should be equal. equivalence leads to countrys maturation and industrialisation or at to the lowest degree helps it. In the frugal area the yet palisade for women are the requirements.Women are allowed to work, but their engage faculty be smaller, and the rotguts quality big businessman be lower, because, for exam ple, men are bust in workings on the factories with all those machines. But its not needs like that, and of fly the coop women can sometimes work fifty-fifty develop than men, especially in the old sector. In political area women doesnt really suck in problems, maybe moreover in take countries where they are hard-boiled unequally to men. You can check out some women political leader that work in the government, even though its rare. In my opinion, women should be equal to men, withstand the alike opportunities, abilities and etc.