Asset Inventory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Asset Inventory - Essay Example Account Management Procedure Avoid transmission of un encrypted sensitive data Software Application and Operating system software Exploitation of faults in application and operating system software $2,000,000 High Malicious use, Unauthorized use and System compromise Change Management Standard High 0.8 Low 0.05 0.2 LOW $24,000 IT System Interoperability Security Standard Patches and updates from a reliable sources Hardware Internal server Hardware Issues/Equipment Failure or loss Loss or theft of data from server $8,000, 000 Vital System Unavailable Data Backup and System Restore Standard High 0.8 Low 0.05 0.2 LOW $96, 000 Continuity of Operations Planning Standard Equipment failure is addressed by design, policy or the stated practice. Databases Inadequate Database Support Data corruption or loss $500,000 critical Computer crime, system compromise, unauthorized access Data Storage Media Protection Standard Medium 0.7 Low 0.05 0.3 Low $9750 Remote Access Standard Project Management S tandard Maintenance of databases is sustained and supported at appropriate security levels Data Disclosure Disclosure of sensitive personal information issues. $100,000, 000 low Malicious use, system compromise, unauthorized access Data Classification Standard Medium 0.7 Medium 0.1 0.3 MODERATE $390,000 Acceptable Use Standard Data is made known only to individuals who have a true operational need for the data. Asset Inventory Introduction An IT oriented company is more prone to information security risks than a regular institution. The company in consideration, Employment Development Department (EDD) provides services to millions of people under Disability Insurance program which is a complex task requiring complete security to its clients. The company also offers other services such as Unemployment Insurance, payroll taxes audit and collection, labor and workforce information among others serving a workforce of over 15 million individuals. The company information assets inventory is conducted using Asset Inventory and Risk Assessment table and shows threat analysis for some selected assets, their associated threats and the top risks faced by the company and the strategies taken to mitigate them. The strategies ensure achievement of goals, management of risks; make use of resources, and carefully assesse the achievement of the information assets security program. Information assets for the company entails all aspects of information may it be spoken, written, printed or electronic. It also covers information handling that involves information creation, viewing, storing or transporting. The information assets that exist in the Company Information assets for this agency encompasses hardware / physical devices that include computer equipment, internal server and Removable Media such as key drives, Data CD/DVDs and portable external) hard drives. Software Applications, operating systems, development tools and utilities are also constituted in the information asset inventory. Processes in computing and transmission of critical data (ccommunications), Information databases, system documents and standards and filled information are integral components of asset inventory. On another note human resource especially system administrators

Langford, Galileo, Science and the Church Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Langford, Galileo, Science and the Church - Essay Example The Catholic Church faced another threat from the scientist's arguments- one of the demystification of Christ. This was "The man Jesus as the personal, visibleonly way to the actuality of redemption [p.201], not realizing that knowledge was a precursor to salvation simply and succinctly through the Holy Scriptures. The knowledge of Christ was what followers sought. And this was coveted by Churchmen- that the knowledge of Christ = salvation. St.Thomas Aquinas would have earlier stated that one need not have been smart to come to understanding of this. What is needed for an introduction but a name. It would have gone something like: "Jesus meet follower A." It doesn't take much to make an acquaintance. What proves valuable is what kind of relationship ensues. For example, such as Master to Teacher, Parent to Child, Creator to the Created and ideally of Friend to Friend. Galileo's groundbreaking views of the universe were demystified with science and religion working together. Whereas the author of this book deemed the church cautious, this reluctance to accept the fated duo (Science and the church) delegated the Catholic Church to play the role, in a sense, of a magician who vowed never to divulge his tricks. Galileo's ment

Electronic Music Origin And Effects Music Essay

Electronic Music Origin And Effects Music Essay In Bernard Wiletss discovering electronic music, Bernard states, We live in an age of technology in which machines touch every part of our lives; it is not surprising that music has also been influenced by technology. (Bernard). The sound of music has undergone massive changes since the dawn of the synthesizer. When once a band relied solely on the instruments its members could play in order to forge their thoughts into sound, they now can purchase a piece of hardware or software to add an array of instruments to their music. However, due to this technological advance many argue that talent is no longer required to be a musician and that synthesizer programmers are lazy hacks but I beg to differ. To understand exactly what it takes to be an electronic musician and or synth programmer you must first understand electronic music and its components. Wilets describes the production of sounds by means of conventional instruments, using a string bass as an example as When a string on a string bass is made to vibrate or oscillate a sound is produced. By changing the length of the oscillating strings with the left hand, the instrument produces different pitches. (Wilets). If the sound created was displayed visually, it would look like what is called a wave pattern. The electronic sound synthesizer or synth for short is a device designed to create or manipulate sounds. A synthesizer is composed of many ways to create and manipulate sounds. Depending on the synth the options range from filtering out certain frequencys and distorting sounds to pitching them higher than any know instrument can achieve. However, there is one component of design of which all the others build upon, the oscil lators. The oscillators or Oscs for short, produce sound electronically. Each oscillator produces a unique sound and waveform. Common waveforms found on most synthesizers are the square; saw tooth, sine, and triangle waveforms. These four waveforms serve as the basic building blocks for most conventional instruments. Often instruments are grouped together depending on their similarities in sound and technique. Instruments such as flutes, piccolos, and ocarinas fall under the category of wind instruments. Wind instruments are grouped together because they rely on air to create sound. Instruments that share the same means of sound production often share an audible similarity as well. This similarity extends to each instruments waveform. By modifying one of the four basic waveforms, a synthesizer could recreate virtually any known instrument, making it massively appealing. Although the idea of electronic instruments and electronically produced music has been around since the 1800s it was not until around the 1940s that the concept was fully realized. Although inventions such as the musical telegraph and theremin served as a testament to the future of electronically produced music, the idea still needed to be refined. It wasnt until the invention of the Moog synthesizer, invented by Robert Moog and Don Buchla, did the synthesizer begin its musical takeover. The very first Moog synthesizers were massive and resembled machines seen in old science fiction movies before the computer age. They were extremely expensive, extremely hard to program and used mostly in film scoring and music houses. After refining his invention however, Moog compressed the massive instrument into a portable and affordable device thus making the synthesizer something anyone could afford. This innovation would eventually go on to change the face of music forever. . While most still used the synthesizer as a means to replicate existing instruments others saw the deeper potential it held. Based on simplistic waveforms that required modification to attain certain sounds, the synthesizer held limitless sonic capabilities. Bands such as the Moody Blues and Emerson, Lake and Palmer were among the first to use the synthesizer to achieve more abstract sounds. Their sonic creativity would lead others to do the same and eventually synthesized sounds began to serenade all types of music. Due to the demand to create unique sounds and music, companies wishing to cash in on this new device made many types of synthesizers. Due to copyright, other companies had to veer away from the subtractive analog synthesis used in Moog synthesizers. They had to create their own synthesizers thus creating new ways to approach sound synthesis. Over time, a slew of ways to approach sound synthesis came about. Synthesizers based on additive synthesis, frequency modulation, granular synthesis and phase distortion to name a few began to hit music stores. While the design became seemingly more small and simplistic, the ways to manipulate and create sound became vast. Programming each of these types of synth required knowledge in the specific form of synthesis it implored. When once a synth programmer had to simultaneously play keys, pull and plug cords into various inputs and outputs he can now do the same thing by simplistic digital means, which often only require the flicking of a switch. This advance in technology is what people claim to be the reason why talent is no longer required. Of course holding down a single key and playing an entire riff or ensemble may seem lazy in practice. People forget that that entire riff started as dull waveforms. In order to produce something like that an electronic musician must have vast knowledge in not only music, in order to achieve a good sounding riff, he must also know how to program his synthesizer. Take for example the arpeggiated synth lines heard in most trance songs. In order to create these sounds the synth programmer must first create the sound he wishes to arpeggiate. This process can be as simple as combining three saw tooth waveforms, pitching one in a high octave, another in a lower and the last one in an extremely almost un-audible low octave. Then filtering most of the high frequencies out, adding a low frequency osc after filtering and adjusting the way in which the sound is unleashed, sustained and how it decays, to linking the frequencys cutoff to the low frequency osc, running it through another filter and programming the sound to continually morph its velocity to a prerecorded pattern. After that, the programmer must then use an arpeggiator, arpeggiator range from simplistic preset patterns to possessing the ability to adjust its velocity one hundred times during the course of the sounds procession. This process is known as tweaking the sound. After programming his arpeggiated synth patch the electronic musician might go on to program a synth to stand in for bass sounds and then another for keyboard which all are as complicated as making an arpeggiated sound. After the electronic music has finished all the synth parts of his songs, he must then turn his focus to the percussion. Although a synthesizer is capable of producing drum sounds, the sounds created often had a synthetic sound to them that most electronic musicians did not find appealing. Most electronic musicians then would turn to another piece of equipment or software known as a drum machine. A drum machine is a sound module that specializes in the production of percussive timbres. Drum machines followed a similar path to synthesizers, first being complicated large pieces of machinery to becoming hand held devices. Programming these are equally complicated. As drum machines involved they began to be capable to record sounds and edit them to programmers wishes thus making things like heartbeats the kick drum of many songs. These two pieces of hardware or software became the instruments of choice to most electronic music producers, whether they are in the form of hardware or software. Now programming a riff or drum pattern was hard enough the programmer also has to humanize his track or else it would sound too robotic. By humanizing, I mean the process in which they make the drumbeat sound as if someone was actually playing a drum kit. This implies varying velocity, panning the sounds to encompass the space drums demand, and adding digital effects, the same thing implies to the synth. So in order to produce electronic music, the electronic musician must know all of the things I discussed as well as music theory and how instruments work. For example, you could not create an organ synth sound and play it like guitar it just would not work. So that being said I think the electronic musician if far from lazy and that, the simplification of electronic instruments only makes their capabilities greater as they do not have to worry about attaching cybernetic arms to their body in order to fiddle with more cords. Alot of people however say that anyone could become an electronic musician. That the style can be taught and is not heartfelt. That electronic musicians lack the talent of other muscians. This is what an electronic musician credits his inspiration to Im a very curious person, and I tend to find new obsessions every few years. I love the energy that lives on the border of human ingenuity, the edge where scientific curiosity, spiritual wonder, and technological invention meet in explosions of beauty and truth. I love to celebrate those people whose spark ignites at that juncture. As I seek new musical inspiration, (sometimes I do run dry for periods) I look for energetic examples in other fields besides music. I often find them in the realms of physics, poetry, architecture, biology, history anywhere actually. I guess Im a bit insatiable, and I want to explore the best that humanity has created, and echo it as well as I can in my own work. That statement, to me, is what music is all a bout. Holmes, Thomas B. Electronic and Experimental Music: Pioneers in Technology and Composition. London: Routledge, 2002. Print. MOOG [a Film by Hans Fjellestad]. Web. Nov.-Dec. 2010. . Moog. Dir. Hans Fjellestad. Perf. Robert Moog. ZU33, 2004. DVD. Shapiro, Peter, and Iara Lee. Modulations: a History of Electronic Music : Throbbing Words on Sound. New York: Caipirinha Productions, 2000. Print. Â  YouTube Discovering Electronic Music Part 1. YouTube Broadcast Yourself. Web. 10 Nov. 2010. . Rich, Robert. Robert Rich Interview -. Synthesizer Music and Electronics | Join the Electronic Music Revolution NOW! Web. 28 Nov. 2010. .

Personal Narrative - Renewed Love for My Sister :: Personal Narrative Writing

Personal Narrative- Renewed Love for My Sister "The essence of life is to be found in the frustrations of established order." -John Gardner "God, Kris, you are so disgusting!" I made a noise like a rhino in heat as I opened my mouth to reveal the large piece of orange gum that hung precariously from my tongue. "Thanks a lot, E. You're the one that called it an orange slug." We both let out an uproarious laugh and quickly quieted ourselves. The geriatrics nearby were looking at us again. Our stifled laughter was still loud enough to make passersby wonder about our sanity, and that was just the way we liked it. "Wait, wait! Do it again, but open your eyes wide; like you did the first time." I concentrated hard for a second, then with my eyes as wide as I could make them, I dropped my jaw and flicked my tongue wildly in her direction. I then snapped my mouth shut and blinked heartily. I licked my lips and tasted the sweet, artificial-peach flavor. The "slug" rolled around gleefully in my mouth as Erika and I chuckled at the various mallrats screaming and laughing in the opposite corners of the food court. "What a bunch of fucking losers!" Erika said as she flopped the middle part of her "tri-hawk" to the right side of her head and looped the barbell in her tongue through the two lip rings that protruded awkwardly from her mouth. A putrid scent was carried our way by crowds of people that were walking by us. I could taste the stench in the air. "Let’s get up and walk around. The Cookie Guy said it would take thirty minutes or so." We’d ordered a cookie for my mom who had just had knee surgery. The "Cookie Guy" in question was a good-looking, nice guy who had helped us. It was more than a little strange to tell him that I wanted a giant cookie that said, "We love you, Mommy!" I thought about telling him to write something like, "Welcome back from the state pen. Thirty-five years is a long time, Daddy" or "We love you, Elvis," but in the end, I decided against it. We followed my suggestion and walked up the mall to the Deb Shop. Even from thirty feet away it reeked of perfume and cheap, polyester fabric. As we closed the distance between ourselves and the store, the sheen of the predominantly sparkly clothing temporarily blinded us with a bright reflection of the healthy orange glow emitted by the fluorescent lights perched high above.

Competitive Profile Matrix Emirates Essay

In order to construct a competitive profile matrix, it is necessary to determine critical success factors in airline industry. These are: strong management, organization of routes, availability of non-stop flights, qualified workforce, in-flight services and service promotions, price competitiveness, effective financial management, cost management. Main competitors of Emirates Airline can be divided into two groups: private airline companies and airline alliances. Key airline alliances posing strong competition to Emirates Airline are SkyTeam, Star Alliance and oneworld (Plunkett, 2011). AirAsia is a private company also presenting a significant competitive threat for Emirates Airline (Plunkett, 2011). It is possible to see that also the competitive performance of Emirates Airlines is above average (2.55) and private companies like AirAsia generally have lower competitive capacity (Graham, Papatheodourou & Forsyth, 2010), all three airline alliances have strong or even close to superior competitive profiles, which means that Emirates Airlines should aim to develop competitive power compared to that of the major alliances.

Lord Byron

In `Excerpt from Don Juan`, answer the following: Select 3 stanzas from Canto I that you can explain. Do not give plot summary, so carefully choose a stanza that lends itself to analysis or some research. Write about three to four sentences. In Subject Line, identify your stanza, e.g., 44 (Canto I, Stanza 44). Stanza 5 Brave men were living before Agamemnon And since, exceeding various and Sage, A good deal like him too, though quite the same none;  Ã‚   35 But then they shone not on the Poet’s page, And so have been forgotten: – I condemn none, But can’t find any in present age Fit for my poem (that is, for my New One) So, as I said, I’ll take my friend Don Juan. –  Ã‚  Ã‚   40 In analyzing Stanza 5, it’s interesting to read as we wonder who else Byron may have considered in this poem he sat down to write. Was he considering other brave men, poets, heroes before finalizing it with Don Juan? Who were the others â€Å"a great deal like him† (Canto 1, Stanza 5, Line 35). This stanza can be more interesting to readers who examine the history of what was viewed as the scandalous controversial nature of his writing of â€Å"Don Juan† and what concessions did Byron have to end up making before it was published. Stanza 5 sums up what he was saying about heroes in the previous stanzas. Stanza 6 Most epic poets plunge â€Å"in medias res† (Horace makes this the heroic turnpike road), And then your hero tells, whene’er you please, What went before—by the way of episode, While seated after dinner at his ease,  Ã‚   45 Beside his mistress in some soft abode, Palace, or garden, paradise, or cavern, Which serves the happy couple for a tavern. The analysis of Stanza 6 lets the reader in that Byron is intentionally not following Horace’s recommendation of when to start an epic. Byron is (intentionally?) not following the rules of what at the time was being seen by other writers as the better way of starting an epic, which was in the middle. This stanza proves to us the writer is choosing not to write using the examples of Homer or Virgil but writing this epic his own way (Canto 1, Stanza 6, Lines 41-44). Stanza 7 That is the usual method, but not mine— My way is to begin with the beginning;  Ã‚   50 The regularity of my design Forbids all wandering as the worst of sinning, And therefore I shall open with a line (Although it cost me half an hour in spinning) Narrating somewhat of Don Juan’s father,  Ã‚   55 And also of his mother, if you’d rather. Although the reader isn’t aware of it until later, Byron reveals to us that he knew in advance he would digress in the poem (Canto 1, Stanza 7, Line 54). The reader now learns that was the writer Byron’s intention from the start. The reader can wonder if Byron is even conscious of how he changes some of the â€Å"traditional† epic writing in writing this work. In `Excerpt from Childe Harold`s Pilgrimage`, answer the following: 1. Does the Byronic hero know any form of Keatsian love? Yes, in that Keatsian love is often associated with â€Å"beauty-as-truth.† In Canto 2, Stanza 9 we read as Byron writes of having loved and it was still in his thoughts although he is now alone with those thoughts. We also read of this â€Å"beauty-as-truth† love in Canto III Stanza I when he relates of the love for his daughter. 2. Beginning with stanza 17, the narrator talks about Waterloo. Why? Waterloo is current to at this time to Byron. Just a few months before this, the fate of Europe had been decided because of that Battle. So it is important that the reader is aware that it is sacred ground to him. The battle was fought on June 18th, 1815 which makes this a very relevant event during his lifetime of 1788-1824. 3. In what ways is this poem about mid-life crises? Childe in this epic refers to a â€Å"knight† and we read as this knight is gloomily wandering as a vicious world-worn man. In his thoughts throughout the â€Å"pilgramage† it relates closely to a man who is going through similar thoughts a man in mid-life crises might go through as though he has already fully lived. 4. How does the Byronic hero relate to nature? Byron relates better to nature than he does to humans. In Canto 4, Stanza 178, Byron states this: There is a pleasure in the pathless woods, There is a rapture on the lonely shore. There is society where none intrudes, By the deep Sea, and music in its roar: I love not Man the less, but Nature more, From these our interviews, in which I steal From all I may be, or have been before, To mingle with the Universe, and feel What I can ne'er express, yet cannot all conceal However, in reading this piece, I feel its obvious throughout to the reader that the writer can connect more easily with nature than humans. Because most of Byron’s work is autographical in nature, this is easy to understand if the reader about Byron’personal life. References â€Å"Characteristics of the Byronic Hero.† University of Michigan. Online. Internet. 17 May 2003. (2002, February 11). Childe Harold's Pilgrimage. Retrieved May 17, 2007, from The Project Gutenberg Web site: http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext04/chp110h.htm (2007). George Gordon, Lord Byron. Retrieved May 17, 2007, from Bob's Byway Web site: http://www.poeticbyway.com/xbyron.html ; ;

Profile of Serial Killer Derrick Todd Lee

Profile of Serial Killer Derrick Todd Lee Derrick Todd Lee, also known as the Baton Rouge Serial Killer, prowled communities of south Louisiana for years before his capture and eventual conviction in two of at least seven cases of rape and murder of women in 2002 and 2003. Childhood Years Derrick Todd Lee was born on November 5, 1968, in St. Francisville, Louisiana to Samuel Ruth and Florence Lee. Samuel Ruth left Florence soon after Derrick was born. For Florence and the children, having Ruth out of the picture was good. He suffered from mental illness and eventually ended up in a mental institution after being charged with attempted murder of his ex-wife. Florence later married Coleman Barrow who was a responsible man that raised Derrick and his sisters as if they were his own children. Together they taught their children the importance of education and to follow the teachings of the Bible. Lee grew up like many children in small towns around south Louisiana. His neighbors and play pals were mostly from his extended family. His interest in school was limited to playing in the school band. Lee struggled academically, often being outshined by his younger sister who was a year younger than him  but advanced in school faster. His IQ, ranging from below 70 to 75, made it challenging for him to maintain his grades. By the time Lee turned 11 he had been caught peeping into the windows of girls in his neighborhood, something he continued to do as an adult. He also had a liking for torturing dogs and cats. Teenage Years At the age of 13, Lee was arrested for simple burglary. He was already known to the local police because of his voyeurism, but it wasnt until he was 16 that his anger issues got him in real trouble. He pulled a knife on a boy during a fight. Charged with attempted second-degree murder, Lees rap sheet was slowing beginning to fill up. At age 17 Lee was arrested for being a Peeping Tom, but even though he was a high school drop out with multiple complaints and arrests, he managed to stay out of going to a juvenile detention home. Marriage In 1988 Lee met and married Jacqueline Denise Sims and the couple had two children, a boy named after his father Derrick Todd Lee, Jr. and in 1992 a girl, Dorris Lee. Soon after their marriage, Lee pled guilty to unauthorized entry of an inhabited dwelling. Over the next few years, he drifted in and out of two worlds. In one world, he was the responsible father who worked hard at his construction job and took his family on weekend outings. In the other world, he cruised the local bars, dressed in dapper attire and spent time drinking and having extramarital affairs with women. Jacqueline knew about his infidelity, but she was devoted to Lee. She also became used to his being arrested. The times he spent in prison became almost as a welcomed relief compared to the volatile atmosphere he created when he was at home. Money Creates More Problems In 1996 Jacquelines father was killed in a plant explosion and she was awarded a quarter of a million dollars. With the financial boost, Lee was now able to dress better, buy cars, and spend more money on his girlfriend Casandra Green. But the money was spent as quickly as it came in, and by 1999 Lee was back to living off of his earned wages- except now he had another mouth to feed. Casandra had given birth to their son who they named Dedrick Lee in July of the same year. Collette Walker In June 1999, Collette Walker, 36, of St. Francisville, La., filed stalking charges against Lee after he muscled his way into her apartment, trying to convince her that the two should date. She did not know him and managed to ease him out of her apartment. He left her with his phone number and suggested that she give him a call. Days later a friend who lived close to Collette asked her about Lee who she had seen lurking around her apartment. On another occasion, Collette caught him peeping into her window and called the  police. Even with his history of being a Peeping Tom and various other arrests, Lee did very little time for the charges of stalking and unlawful entry. In a plea bargain, Lee pled guilty and received probation. Against the directions of the court he again went looking for Collette, but smartly she had moved. A Lost Opportunity Life was becoming stressful for Lee. The money was gone and finances were tight. He was arguing with Casandra a lot, and in February 2000 the fighting escalated to violence. She started the proceedings to get a protective order prohibiting Lee from getting near her. Three days later he caught up with her in a bar parking lot and violently assaulted her. Casandra pressed charges, and his probation was revoked. He spent the following year in prison until his release in February 2001. He was placed under house arrest and was required to wear monitoring equipment. In May he was found guilty of violating the terms of his parole by removing the equipment. Instead of having his probation revoked, he was given a legal slap on the hand and not returned to prison. Once again the opportunity to remove Derrick Todd Lee from society was lost, a decision that likely haunts those who made it. Third Side of Derrick Todd Lee When Derrick Todd Lee committed his first or last rape and murder of an unsuspecting woman is unknown. What is known is that in 1993 he allegedly attacked two teens who were necking in a parked car. Equipped with a six-foot harvesting tool, he was accused of hacking away at the couple, only stopping and fleeing as another car approached. The couple survived and six years later, the girl, Michelle Chapman, picked Lee out of a lineup as her attacker. Lees raping and killing spree would last another 10 years, with DNA evidence eventually linking him to seven victims who suffered from his vicious attacks. Victims of Derrick Todd Lee April 2, 1993 - A teenaged couple were parked in an isolated area when they were attacked by a large man who hacked at them with a six-foot harvesting tool. Both survived and the girl, Michelle Chapman, identified Derrick Todd Lee as the attacker in a police line-up in 1998. Other victims include: April 18, 1998 - Randi Merrier 28September 24, 2001 - Gina Wilson Green, 41January 14, 2002 - Geralyn DeSoto, 21May 31, 2002 - Charlotte Murray Pace, 21July 9, 2002 - Diane AlexanderJuly 12, 2002 - Pamela Kinamore, 44November 21, 2002 - Dene Colomb, 23March 3, 2003 - Carrie Lynn Yoder Visit the victims of Derrick Todd Lee page for more information about how the victims lived and how they died. Possible Victims August 23, 1992 - Connie Warner of Zachary, LA. was bludgeoned to death with a hammer. Her body was found on Sept. 2, near the Capital Lakes in Baton Rouge, La. So far no evidence has linked Lee to her murder. June 13, 1997 - Eugenie Boisfontaine lived on Stanford Ave., near the Louisiana State University campus when she was murdered. Her body was discovered nine months later under a tire along the edge of Bayou Manchac. There has been no evidence linking Lee to the murder. Too Many Murders and Serial Killers Investigations into the several unsolved murder cases of women in Baton Rouge was going nowhere. There are many reasons why Derrick Todd Lee, who is somewhat mentally challenged, managed to avoid getting caught. Here are just a few: Derrick Todd Lee stayed on the move. In the 10 years it is known that he committed rape and murder, he was also constantly changing jobs, moving to different cities in south Louisiana and doing time in and out of prison. It was not until he focused on areas around LSU and left the bodies of two of his victims at a boat launch at Whiskey Bay that investigators moved from solving murders to looking for a serial killer.Communications among detectives from one city to another were rare and Lee jumped from one parish to another to strike and kill.From 1991 to 2001 there were 53 unsolved murders of women in Baton Rouge. The women came from all different backgrounds and ethnicities, as did the way that they died. The city was on high alert and the government was on the hot seat.In August 2002 the Baton Rouge area Multi-Agency Task Force was formed and communications between parish detectives broadened. But instead of catching a killer, the task force ended up having more murders to solve. For the next two years, 18 more women were found dead and the only leads police had headed them in the wrong direction. What investigators did not know at the time, or did not tell the public is that there were two, maybe three serial killers responsible for many of the murders. Racial Profiling When it came to discovering and capturing Derrick Todd Lee, serial killer profiling did not work. He was black and most serial killers are white males.Most serial killers pick victims of their own race. Lee killed both black and white women.Most serial killers use the method of killing like a signature so that they receive credit for the kill. Lee used different methods. Lee did do one thing that fit the profile of a serial killer- he kept trinkets from his victims. In 2002 a composite sketch of the suspected serial killer was released to the public. The picture was of a white male with a long nose, long face, and long hair. As soon as the picture was released the task force became inundated with phone calls and the investigation became bogged down on following up on tips. It was not until May 23, 2003, the Baton Rouge area Multi-Agency Task Force released a sketch of a man wanted for questioning about attacks on a woman in St. Martin Parish. He was described as a clean-cut, light-skinned black male with short brown hair and brown eyes. It was said that he was probably in his late 20s or early 30s. Finally, the investigation was on track. Around the same time as the new sketch was released, DNA was being collected in parishes where there were unsolved murders of women. At the time Lee was living in West Feliciana Parish and was asked to give a swab. Not only did his criminal history interest investigators, but so did his appearance, which resembled the newly distributed composite sketch. Investigators asked for a rush job on Lees DNA, and they had their answer within a few weeks. Lees DNA matched samples taken from Yoder, Green, Pace, Kinamore, and Colomb. Lee and his family fled Louisiana on the same day that he volunteered his DNA. He was caught in Atlanta and returned to Louisiana a day after his arrest warrant was issued. In August 2004 he was found guilty of murder in the second degree of Geralyn DeSoto and was sentenced to life imprisonment without parole. In October 2004 Lee was found guilty of the rape and murder of Charlotte Murray Pace and was sentenced to death by lethal injection. In 2008, the Louisiana Supreme Court upheld his conviction and the sentence of death. Lee was awaiting execution on death row at the Louisiana State Penitentiary in Angola, Louisiana. At age 47, Derrick Todd Lee was transferred to  the Lane Memorial Hospital in Zachary,  Louisiana,  from death row for emergency treatment and died on January 21, 2016.

Inside a Foster Childs Head Professor Ramos Blog

Inside a Foster Childs Head Why does it seem that foster kids have behavioral problems? It seems as if they may not come with them, but later develop them. I’m a member of a family that has opened our home to numerous foster children, and this matters to me because people need to be aware for the benefit of the children.  They need to know that there are some disadvantages with behavioral problems and we need to know how to handle such things. This is important because not everybody knows what to do or how to properly treat children with behavioral problems. They may have already had them, or they may have come later on while in the foster system, but foster children with behavioral problems are very common. ‘Trauma can be caused by any number of things, some of which reach back even to the child’s time in the womb: a very difficult birth or a mother being physically abused when she is pregnant. If a mother smokes, drinks alcohol or takes drugs when pregnant this is also likely to have a deleterious effect on her unborn child and can result in anything from poor birth weight to brain injury† (Thomas and Philpot 25).  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Children who are placed into foster care are often at high risk for problematic outcomes. First, they have often experienced a range of adverse conditions prior to placement, including neglect, abuse, and exposure to domestic violence† (Kohl, Edleson, English, Barth, 2005) 768. Dozier et al stated Children who have moved from foster home to foster home, or from foster home to birth home experience an unstable foundation (768). A child’s sense of identity, development, trust in others, ability to manage behavior can be affected by tra uma and can cause different types of behavioral problems. Even adults may be affected by trauma with the same severity as children, a child’s vulnerability can cause them to be affected by trauma in a much more far-reaching way because, since they are still developing physically and emotionally, their general social and individual functioning may well be seriously impaired (Thomas and Philpot 26). â€Å"Children entering foster care have high rates of emotional, behavioral, developmental, and physical health problems and are in need of many specialized services† (Taussig et al 1). Studies have shown that children reunited with their birth parents have a higher chance at developing behavioral problems. â€Å"Results. Compared with youth who were not reunified, reunified youth showed more self-destructive behavior (0.15 vs 20.11), substance use (0.16 vs 20.11), and total risk behavior problem standardized scores (0.12 vs 20.09). Reunified youth were more likely to have received a ticket or have been arrested (49.2% vs 30.2%), to have dropped out of school (20.6% vs 9.4%), and to have received lower grades (6.5 vs 7.4). Reunified youth reported more current problems in internalizing behaviors (56.6 vs 53.0), and total behavior problems (59.5 vs 55.7), and lower total competence (41.1 vs 45.0).† â€Å"3 studies have found better outcomes for children who were not re unified including gains in intelligence scores, greater overall well-being, and less criminal recidivism than children who were reunified with their families of origin.† (Taussig et al 1). Children who have been abused are also very likely to have a confused view of family relationships (Rose and Philpot 2005), as well as an ever-changing group of people in their lives (Thomas and Philpot 27). My little brother who we adopted at the age of nine and is now 18 still struggles with this. He feels he must switch up girlfriends to get a new love or switch up friends monthly. Even after all that he will completely isolate himself and not talk to anybody, because now he can’t trust anybody. â€Å"Events like this on top of trauma can lead children to feel that they have no control over their lives. Attempted solutions to this problem can have disastrous consequences, for example, by their becoming suicidal or, at very least, self-harming and self-abusing; by, for instance, taking drugs, or engaging in promiscuous and potentially harmful sexual relationships. The child may develop serious anti-social behavior to defend her against feelings of vulnerability, but these o ften only exacerbate her difficulties.  A state of helplessness may also be reverted to. Children may avoid intimacy, feeling that they need to be in control, and acting in ways that deter relationships and closeness with others. They can experience flashbacks, hyperactivity, and dissociation. (This term is what Hunter (2001) calls ‘an internal psychological state which we assume is present when a usual or expected involvement of emotion is absent’ (p.98).) These, in turn, can affect their education and lead them to be diagnosed with various behavioral disorders† (Thomas and Philpot 26). Four major effects of trauma are: a persistent state of fear, disordered memory, avoiding intimacy, and dysregulation of affect.   For these reasons many children are either placed on medication to â€Å"help† the child ease the pain or rid it all, or they are sent to therapy to try and open up their wounds to help heal them. I have conducted two separate interviews one on a teen male who has been adopted, and one on an adult female who has been through the foster care system to give some insight on their experience. How long were you in foster care? I was in foster care for 5 years. What was your experience like? It was not the greatest. I moved around a lot, and I was placed in homes that were not conducive to my well-being. The last home in which I lived only wanted me for financial gain. I refused to move because I wanted to graduate from 1 high school. Do you believe children in the foster system have behavioral problems? Why or why not ? I believe some children have behavioral problems that are exacerbated once they are placed in foster care, and others develop behavioral problems while in foster care. It is exhausting, painful, and takes a toll mentally, emotionally, and physically. Do you think they develop these behavior disorder before going into the foster care system, during or after? Why? I t hink it all depends on the situation, the child, and the way the child was removed. It also has to do with resilience, and how the child can process such information. What are some reasons you believe children may or may not have behavioral problems? As mentioned prior, resilience has a lot to do with the start or cause of behavioral problems; also, attachment plays a major role in how the child views the foster parent as helping and not hurting. If the child sees that the foster parent is not a threat, there may be some reconciliation for appropriate emotionality and decreased behavioral issues/problems. Another factor to consider is the number of homes in where a child is placed. After moving into many homes, self-worth and identity is questioned, and thus causes problems with behavior, which incentivizes behavior problems, causing the child moving once again into a new foster home. It becomes and is a very nasty cycle. A rule of thumb is to remember that â€Å"bad† behavio r is a cry for help. Do you feel therapy or medicine can make it better or worse? Can you grow out of it? I believe that children should not be medicated, however negative their behavior is displayed. Medication has side effects, and it has to be counteracted with other medication. Unless it is of a medical concern, children should not be medicated. What do you believe is the best way to deal with a child with behavioral problems? Therapy, either play or psychoanalytical, is one of the best ways to combat behavioral problems. Empathy can release anger within a child and having a real connection can be helpful. I also think physical involvement can help as well. When a child is busy-playing a sport, karate, taekwondo, I know it makes a tremendous difference. What did you struggle with and how did you handle it? Or how would you have like to be treated to help you? I was angry because of not having family. I also had issues of abandonment and rejection; being placed in so many homes m ade it worse. It all changed when I got a new social worker who understood my pain and wanted to genuinely help me. She saw the scared, broken, rejected girl I was behind the hard exterior and she worked hard to show me I was loved and important. She advocated to get me off medication. I knew she cared, and because of that, I wanted to be the girl she saw. She changed my life in ways word could never describe. In your opinion is there any way to help children with behavioral disorders? Have empathy, let them express their trauma, give them a safe space. See them past their angry exterior and understand that their behavior is a cry for help, however they express it. I know it gets better, but they need help seeing it. This interview was conducted with Flowers, Tanisha on October 3rd, 2018. The second interview was conducted with Moses Lindo on October 6th, 2018, I asked the same questions to see how similar or different their answers were. Lindo was in the foster care system for three years before he became adopted. His experience was extremely scary even though being so young he was the oldest of five and he had to make sure his younger siblings were okay in their new environment before he could consider himself alright. Lindo stated he believes children in the system may have behavioral problems because they don’t want to be in the foster care system and don’t know how else to act but lash out. He also stated that he believes the children who had behavioral disorders before they entered the foster care system may have been removed for that reason, because the parents did not know how to be able to deal with their own children. Children develop behavioral disorder by they way he/she was raised or the different struggles they face in life but don’t know how to deal with them. Therapy does not help all Lindo says it depends on the person and the trauma they have went through. It definitely takes time and patience, but therapy did not work for me.   The main thing I was struggling with was not knowing why I was not with my real parents, that they were not apart of my life because of the bad choices they decided to do. Another was seeing my brothers going through scary times because of all the people they kept on having to meet going through the foster system. A way I thought I could handle it was just knowing we will get better and I tried to be happy to make my brothers happy. Lindo concluded with a way we can help children with special needs is just show them love and always try to make them smile, to be there for them every day. And never forget to show them right from wrong. Each child who enter the system will have completely different outlooks on their experience, not one will be the same. All children rather blood or not need love and affection. This essay will benefit families who are looking into fostering kids as well as the foster kids themselves. This will allow them to learn from it and help the children to adapt to it, and possibly avoid it. Foster children are amazing, and they bring an excellent eye opener to your life they allow you to look at things differently, but do not assume that it is as easy as saying hello to a stranger. There are many things you will gain from this and to be able to help the children benefit to accept what is going to take place in their life is the challenge and you must be willing to face the difficult days that may come such as behavioral disorders. It is ultimately a cry for help, look for the many different signs and find the best aid for your child. Not foster child but child because when they come into your home you must treat them as your own to make it a great experience for you and them. Annotated Bibliography   Dozier, Mary et al. â€Å"Developing Evidence of a Randomized Clinical Trial with Infants and Toddlers.†   Journal of Social Issues, vol. 62, no. 4, Dec. 2006, pp. 767-785. http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=0sid=d034471c-a3e9-4ef6-a774-cebb90325e81%40sessionmgr4008bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=a9hAN=22853072                                                                                                                                                                                                This article talks about the risk for problematic children who are put in the foster care system. Scholarly. I will use this source to show reasons why children may develop behavioral problems. Flowers, Tanisha Personal Interview October 3, 2018 Lindo, Moses Personal Interview October 6, 2018 Taussig et al. â€Å"Children Who Return Home From Foster Care: A 6-Year Prospective Study of Behavioral Health Outcomes in Adolescence† July 2001, VOLUME 108 / ISSUE 1 ELECTRONIC ARTICLE pp 1-9 http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/108/1/e10.full In this article they speak about the behavioral levels in children who have returned back to their birth parents opposed to those still in the foster care system. Scholarly source. I will be using this source to bring awareness to the behavioral change in the foster care home and out of the foster care home. Taylor, Chris. â€Å"A Practical Guide to Caring for Children and Teenagers with Attachment Difficulties† London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. 2010 pp 54-111 http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=16sid=9916ea12-08ed-45c4-a7fc-b5861314df32%40sdc-v-sessmgr05bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=e000xnaAN=339488          This article states the different types of trauma a child may face while in foster care or before entering foster care. It shows different ways to communicate to help break those barriers. Scholarly source. I will use this source to help identify different ways to cope with trauma in children. Thomas, Mike. Philpot, Terry. â€Å"Fostering a Childs Recovery: Family Placement for Traumatized Children.† London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. 2009, pp. 25-56 http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=6sid=9916ea12-08ed-45c4-a7fc-b5861314df32%40sdc-v-sessmgr05bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=e000xnaAN=278616         This article goes into detail about children and their history to let us know what may be factors to cause trauma.   Also, it will show us the loss that affects children. Scholarly source. I will be using this source to show more about the children background to help determine behavioral problems.

A Day in the Life of a Wind Farm Operator

A Day in the Life of a Wind Farm Operator Most of the people have always seen photos taken from turbine tops though they are never aware of what the technicians do up there. In the article, a crew working at the Bull Hill Wind farm is studied by a photographer. This is a 34-MW wind farm that is located in Maine. The wind farm has 19 wind turbines and provides power to around 16000 homes each year. They have six Vestas employees and two First Wind employees working daily to keep the turbines spinning and generating energy. The inspections, periodic repairs, and maintenance of the turbines are done daily by the staff at the site and this is important to keep everything in order. The emergency equipment is inspected on a regular basis to make sure they function effectively. A normal turbine climb takes around 10 minutes and is carried out two-four times every week. They also have a Nacelle that houses the electrical generator, which is driven by the rotating blades of the turbine powered by the forces of wind and coupled to a gearbox. The repair troubleshooting and maintenance of the components are carried out on a programmed basis as well as impulsively in case a piece of any of the equipment fails. Susan Kraemer, A Closer Look at Fossil and Renewable Energy Subsidies, June 10, 2015 This article discusses the stabilization of oil production since its advent in the 1890s. In the article, the comparison is made between the sums of money used in oil drilling when it was merely a start-up and currently when it is a multi-dollar venture. Similarly, the effects of oil exploration on the climate have been highlighted in the article. The article also largely analyses the issue of tax credit and incentives offered to the oil drilling companies. For instance, the article clarifies that during the inception period, oil production was branded with a tax-free status that enabled the mitigation of huge costs involved in the oil exploration. This eventually has enabled federal investment in the coal, oil and gas exploration. This article will be important in describing the strides made in the growth of the global energy sector. Pamela Cargill, Will Solar Plunge Off the Tax Credit Cliff? The articles main discussion is about the Federal Investment Tax Credit, which was set to expire towards the end of 2016. This would be one of the greatest solar incentives with the costs falling from thirty to zero percent for homeowners. The article informs of the intense scrutiny directed towards the clean energy incentives especially in the United States as a result of the fiscal conservations in Washington and also in several other statehouses. Consequently, the article eludes uncertainty in the environment towards the community of investors and other industry professionals. Some approaches and strategies are suggested in the article, such as the extension of the Investment Tax Credit and proper planning of its expiration. Tom Randall, Seven Reasons Cheap Oil Cant Stop Renewables The article outlines reasons why low prices of cheap oil cannot stop the use of renewables. The transition of humanity to use of clean energy cannot be sidetracked by the availability of cheap oil. This is despite the fall of the prices of oil by half which would have endangered the renewable-energy industry a few years ago. In the article, he gives reasons why low prices of oil cannot stop renewables. One of the reasons is that the sun never competes with oil. Oil is used in cars while the renewables are for producing electricity. Oil is very expensive such that it cannot power the grid even if the prices are below $50 for each barrel. Solar instead competes with natural gas, coal, nuclear power and hydro. Though solar is the newest and makes less than 1%of the market for electricity today, it is expected that by 2050 it will be the largest single source in the world according to International Energy Agency. Its demand is very high such that the only limiting factor to its installation may be panels availability. Another reason may also be the fact that the prices of electricity are still increasing. Cheap electricity is a real threat to the renewables. For instance, in the US production of power is exceedingly cheap due to the presence of abundant natural gas. Ann Kenda, Professors Solar-Powered Passive House a Real-life Physics Lesson Jl In this article the Assistant Professor of Physics Alexi Arango tells the Renewable Energy class students of the small house in Maine which is very energy efficient such that it can heat itself up without the need for a furnace. He says that the home of physics entirely operates by the power of solar. He adds that most people have disbelief about it and the concept nearly seems a fairy-tale. But once one goes through it and relates with physics then it is no longer a wild idea. He carries out a research that concentrates on the solar energy systems that are highly efficient and brings home the lessons for the course in the sense of word. He builds and moves in a passive home of 1000 square-foot that relies on the solar power for its operations. He use real-life example to explain and illustrate the concepts of physics and environmental science in the classroom. Most of the students originally were skeptical but have change to being enthusiastic about this particular project. He admits that it is unusual to do what he did but notes that in Germany the passive houses are nearly mainstream. Tom Konrad, Ten Clean Energy Stocks In this article, during the first half of 2015, there was a slight improvement in the wide market but the concerns about increasing rates of interests and the continuing drama by the Greek debt sent clean energy, income stocks and most currencies that were not US currencies down decisively. The articles classical collection highly exposes one to clean energy, income stocks, and foreign stocks. Despite there being a very stormy market for both, the collection delivers admirably. Jennifer Runyon, Tesla CTO: Bulk Energy Storage Will Grow Much Faster than People Expect In 2015, at the Intersolar in the standing-room-only, all talks were about the future of solar and how the storage of energy aided in paving a way for higher adoption of it. The director of the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems, Dr. Eicke R Weber, opened the show drawing the great advancement solar had made in the previous two years through stabilizing its demand and supply. It was expected that in the following years the production capacity and catching up with the market would be seen which meant that we should not anticipate further fall in the prices of PV modules but expect stabilizing of the prices and or even some uncertain increases.

Aristotles' slavery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Aristotles' slavery - Essay Example The bodily parts such as arm, leg, hand, and eye that he uses in the service of all even if it is the hand he raises to deflect a blow from the master. Aristotle assumes all of this, even though it renders his logic impossible. The slave at such a moment is not defying the master by defending himself against a blow. He is certainly asserting himself as his own most not so asserting himself; he is not acting as the mere part, nothing but the master’s possession (Swanson 16). Hence, the question of vantage, a question that one is familiar in literary analysis. Aristotle makes his point concerning the status of the slave by simply eliding his point of view. This text informed every bit as much by what appears in it as what does not. Then there is the question of the status of an analogy; this is primarily a literary device. The leg is a part that serves the organism, and the qua organism is the higher value. This last is a point Aristotle establishes by analogy. The context for the analogy is the value that belongs to the city. He says, â€Å"The notion of a city naturally precedes that of a family or an individual, for the whole must necessarily be prior to the parts, for if you take away the whole man, you cannot say a foot or a hand remains†. There is a moment of indeterminacy here. If Aristotle’s entire argument in the analogy is only that the part is taken away with the whole. This gives the ostensible rigor of proper philosophic discourse of the analogy disposal (Wrenhaven 35). For Aristotle, when society or the family is taken away, so is the individual, and the hand is an individual part of the body but he also suggest that the relationship is analogous in other ways. The human body is in the city and interests of the city and its use involve his sacrifice. Such a sacrifice makes the highest value for the individual. As such, the individual may be put to use if rational individual has reason to know that the collectivity is the

Identity Development in Adolescents Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Identity Development in Adolescents - Essay Example Inside our society, particularly with the teens, encloses a positive as well as negative authority from the groups that they belong. There are numerous difficulties that the young people have to confront. Some of the frequent problems are taking of prohibited drugs, disorder for eating, and argument with parents. As the globe starts to mature and a hurried incite of adolescents, the pace of hostility has increased massively. With the aid of the mass media, communal environments, famous personalities, as well as parental management, a more advanced approach to aggression has introduced most of our adolescence. With the support of non-profit groups, entertainment centers, together with camps, encouraging aspects can divert young minds out of the brutal mist. Teenagers nowadays get manipulated by ads inside magazines, ads on what they view on television, people's demands on them, and from their daily life. Drugs and Alcohol does not help anything in the world. When teens are having problems, some of them do drugs or even drink alcohol to get rid of their problems, but that won't do any good it just causes more problems. Utilization of prohibited drugs has become the principal concern within teenagers who goes to school or even to colleges. Initially, I believe that the teenagers begin to take-in prohibited drugs due to the fact that they do not have belief in themselves. They may not be able to stand up for their viewpoint and have an immense manipulation from their friends. Next, teenagers go to parties very often to enjoy, every now and then under parental control and at times without the parents. During the time that they are not with their parents, they may do whatever thing they desire. On the other hand, it is possible for teenagers to show self-control and overcome the temptation of drugs. A number of people, including many adults, describe marijuana as harmless or even relaxing. While peer pressure plays a part in children taking a puff of that first cigarette, curiosity can also influence that decision. Unfortunately for him the effects of the alcohol have taken over. The number of underage drinkers is rising day by day. Normally this teenager would stop and think about the consequences or the harm it could do to his body. I suppose that when people are drinking together with smoking pot, they're more inclined to be sexually active, even if they don't go all the way. But your standards do tend to drop when you're drinking. Big problems can take place to each and every youngster that continues to smoke and doesn't try to stop. Nicotine is a major ingredient of tobacco smoke, and is highly addictive. When teenagers stop, they feel better about themselves. There are just too much things in the world that teens can get their hands on. There are many problems in teenagers. After the party, they might think they are not under the influence of alcohol and then drive. That may cause car accidents and they may have a hard time with their studies at school and at college. They just want to have a taste of everything and like to have something in their mouth. Taking drugs, eating disorders, and problems with parents are just few problems from a bundle. They may not have all the

Managing People for a Competitive Advantage Assignment

Managing People for a Competitive Advantage - Assignment Example I didn't get any experience with the HR before but I can say that our sponsorship does not have any idea about how to deal with us and they put lots of rules every day and every successive rule complements the preceding one. It was a negative experience because we do not know what they need from us and they don't know how to control our study. They frequently make and change the rules. They make us have a contract with them after we study when they do not have a specific point to us or to what we would do after graduation. Normally, a business entrepreneur maintains a separate human resource department in the company to take care of the needs of the workforce, wherein, the HR Manager assumes the prime responsibility. In companies which do not have separate human resource departments, the General Manager also plays the role of HR Manager in addition to his/her main responsibilities as a GM. I have not elected to take this course because it was the requirement for my graduation. The true reason for electing to take this course is that it is very important for me as it provides me with an opportunity to learn how to deal with others and motivate others to deliver their best in work. After taking this course, I expect to become a better manager in general and a better HR Manager in particular. One of the most essential skills one needs to be successful is the social skills; the way one deals with others. This course will teach me the necessary skills and tactics to have best relations with people, so that I may be able to get the best out of them as a leader. I shall contribute to the class learning by sharing my thoughts, opinions, as well as personal experiences with the class related to various topics that we study along the way. I shall also do research at an individual level and share any useful documents that I find with the class to promote learning. One thing that I have learned in the past which I think is most valuable in regard to human  resource management is that one should listen to all but do whatever one deems right oneself.

Case Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Case Law - Essay Example The focus of this report will be to examine the two decisions to discover the inconsistencies and assess the reasons for them. The basic issue at stake in both the cases is that of defining the extent of individual liberty and freedoms that may be exercised under the constitutional amendments to the Constitution in the context of the wider moral framework of public morality and codes of behavior. The suit was brought by defendant Hardwick who was charged by the Georgia State Government for criminal violation of the state’s statute that criminalized sodomy. Hardwick challenged the constitutionality of his criminal conviction, since it violated his fundamental rights. The District Court supported the State’s position but the Court of Appeals reversed the decision. However, the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the Georgia statute. In connection with the issue of fundamental rights of the defendant, the Court stated: â€Å" None of the fundamental rights announced in this Courts prior cases involving family relationships, marriage, or procreation bear any resemblance to the right asserted in this case. And any claim that those cases stand for the proposition that any kind of private sexual conduct between consenting adults is constitutionally insulated from state proscription is unsupportable† [pp 190-191] The Supreme Court supported its position by quoting the case of Stanley v Georgia3:†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..the fact that homosexual conduct occurs in the privacy of the home does not affect the result.† (pp 195-196). During the period when this case was prosecuted in the courts, most states had laws that criminalized homosexual behavior between two consenting adults even if it was carried on in the privacy of their bedrooms and the decision reflected the predominant view of the majority of Americans about the illegality of homosexual behavior. A 5-4 majority in the Supreme Court upheld Georgia laws on sodomy which criminalized the act on grounds of

Theory paper for sociology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Theory paper for sociology - Essay Example Thus, family acts as an integrating mechanism. Secondly, family helps create social order. In this way family acts as a unit of stability for the society to function as a whole. Talcott Parsons takes this concept a step further by explaining two essential functions of family. These functions tell us the way the family behaves and tells us the behavior of the individuals in the family. The first essential function of the family is the primary socialization of the young. Parsons (1951) argues that families are like factories producing human personalities and identities. It is the family alone that provides the security and emotional covering to the individual at an early age. An example of such behavior is the christening of the child or when they celebrate birthdays. The child learns that society is like a human organism where pains and happiness is shared. The family is a miniature society and behaves in a similar way. The other function of family mentioned by Parsons is the stabiliz ation of adult personalities. According to him through the sexual division of labor family helps maintain adult personalities and stabilizes them. The man has the instrumental role of a bread winner and the female has an expressive role within the family.

Managing People for a Competitive Advantage Assignment

Managing People for a Competitive Advantage - Assignment Example I didn't get any experience with the HR before but I can say that our sponsorship does not have any idea about how to deal with us and they put lots of rules every day and every successive rule complements the preceding one. It was a negative experience because we do not know what they need from us and they don't know how to control our study. They frequently make and change the rules. They make us have a contract with them after we study when they do not have a specific point to us or to what we would do after graduation. Normally, a business entrepreneur maintains a separate human resource department in the company to take care of the needs of the workforce, wherein, the HR Manager assumes the prime responsibility. In companies which do not have separate human resource departments, the General Manager also plays the role of HR Manager in addition to his/her main responsibilities as a GM. I have not elected to take this course because it was the requirement for my graduation. The true reason for electing to take this course is that it is very important for me as it provides me with an opportunity to learn how to deal with others and motivate others to deliver their best in work. After taking this course, I expect to become a better manager in general and a better HR Manager in particular. One of the most essential skills one needs to be successful is the social skills; the way one deals with others. This course will teach me the necessary skills and tactics to have best relations with people, so that I may be able to get the best out of them as a leader. I shall contribute to the class learning by sharing my thoughts, opinions, as well as personal experiences with the class related to various topics that we study along the way. I shall also do research at an individual level and share any useful documents that I find with the class to promote learning. One thing that I have learned in the past which I think is most valuable in regard to human  resource management is that one should listen to all but do whatever one deems right oneself.

Theory paper for sociology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Theory paper for sociology - Essay Example Thus, family acts as an integrating mechanism. Secondly, family helps create social order. In this way family acts as a unit of stability for the society to function as a whole. Talcott Parsons takes this concept a step further by explaining two essential functions of family. These functions tell us the way the family behaves and tells us the behavior of the individuals in the family. The first essential function of the family is the primary socialization of the young. Parsons (1951) argues that families are like factories producing human personalities and identities. It is the family alone that provides the security and emotional covering to the individual at an early age. An example of such behavior is the christening of the child or when they celebrate birthdays. The child learns that society is like a human organism where pains and happiness is shared. The family is a miniature society and behaves in a similar way. The other function of family mentioned by Parsons is the stabiliz ation of adult personalities. According to him through the sexual division of labor family helps maintain adult personalities and stabilizes them. The man has the instrumental role of a bread winner and the female has an expressive role within the family.

Paul Ricoeur’s Philosophy and Theology. Essay Example for Free

Paul Ricoeur’s Philosophy and Theology. Essay Paul Ricoeur was born to a devout Protestant family and grew up with his aunt since he was two years of age. Because his mother died and his father was killed during the World War I, he grew up as an orphan in a small remuneration afforded to him by the government as a war orphan. He was a bookish and an exceptional student during his time; his family’s influence brought him up with Protestant faith. He studied philosophy at Sourbonne and got influence from Gabriel Marcel. During World War I, he served the French army in 1939, became prisoner of war in Germany for five years. During his stay at the camp, he met other intellectuals like Mikel Dufrenne and read a lot about Karl Jaspers who was to have a great influence on him. After the war, he continued his studies and in 1950, he received his doctorate degree. He was given opportunity to work as the Chair of General Philosophy in his alma mater in 1956; from there he began his work as a prolific writer sharing his philosophy and theology. Throughout his life, he was known and respected as one of the most impressive philosophers of the 20th century. Every event in his life has contributed to what he believed in. His Christian belief was influenced by his family; his philosophical view was influences of people he met, he talk, and read. He is a well-known Christian philosopher yet, his writings were appreciated by both non-Christian and Christian. Paul’s Ricoeur’s Philosophy Ricoeur’s philosophical is central to the meaning of life and self. Recoeur’s philosophy is based on the two questions about the self. These questions answers are about the identity of the self and how should it live. Recoeur viewed self hood as inter-subjective capacity for agency and self self-ascription, and anybody can acquire. It means that self as an agency, and self-ascription. However, in his exploration of the issue, he discussed the philosophical thinking in five aspects namely: hermeneutic philosophy, post-Hegelian-Kantian methodology, narrative theory, philosophy of the self, and a moral-political philosophy. Hermeneutics is defined as a system through which a certain belief is interpreted using a specific theory and method for interpretation. Paul’s hermeneutics philosophy according to Paul Ricceur and Richard Keamey is of twofold source of reflection: the hermeneutics of testimony and the hermeneutics of the self. In their explanation, Paul had come up with a thesis, which concludes that testimony must give something to be interpreted as in history, and this testimony will be the object of interpretation. The hermeneutics of self on the other hand pertains to the role in which attestation has to play. David Kaplan in his article explained that hermeneutics for Ricoeur is interpretation of knowledge through its signs, symbols, and texts; it is interpretation of human works and actions. The Post-Hegelian Kantian philosophy on the other hand, is mediation for Ricoeur in such a way that it is combining two different views. Ricoeur accepted Kant’s claim that ideas of morality and history is understandable, and that it has universal validity because of its theoretical and practical reasons. Hegel on the other hand, viewed evil in the world as the â€Å"cunning of reason† as helpful for man in realizing a reality. Thus, post-Hegelian Kantian means that expectation is a hope for a humanity belonging to a history, which as a whole is a collective singular. This vision of history is the foundation of ethics and laws in Kant. This implies that Ricoeur acknowledges the concept of totality as long as its scope of reflection is limited to universal rationality (or history). He is actually recognizing that any differences could be regarded as related as in plurality of voices (or idea) yet, reasons behind could be recognized when philosophy tries to find it. Ricoeur’s thesis in Time and Narrative presents that human experience and narration exist. Through hermeneutics, one can easily interpret human experience because it has narration or plot. Narration theory therefore, is telling, writing, and understanding of fictional stories, as Kaplan explained. Narration or plot according to Wall, Schweiker and Hall is an integration of philosophy of action and philosophy of language into a synthesis. By means of this integration, a production of narration is come alive through voluntary and involuntary human actions, its symbolic language, and conflicts, which are to be interpreted through hermeneutics methods linking the time and history. The Philosophy of Self or Philosophy of subjectivity is an attempt anyone can do to elucidate the meaning of man’s existence. Ricceur and Kearney explicate Ricoeur’s hermeneutics of self into the sovereign self and the destructive self. The sovereign self according to them represents the idea in its meaning in the modern philosophy, which pervades modern culture and develops the self-image of people in the modern society. The deconstructive self on the other hand presents self as pure extensionless, consciousness, already established in being. Self therefore has the capability of combining knowledge, and it is vulnerable for it seeks certainty and security. At this point, will and reason are very important to human for they are the instruments for self-preservation and self-advancement. Signs and symbols and human experience are essential for man to interpret the meaning of their existence. Moral Philosophy for Ricoeur emphasizes that human being is capable of affirming the limits of one’s own moral perspective and embracing God’s critical transformative power. Being a Bible believer, he believed that everyone has moral responsibility, which accounts directly to moral value. Wall Schweiker and Hall noted that these moral values could be deeply explored from distinctive theological and hermeneutical perspective as what Ricoeur tried to point out. The issue of moral thought or moral responsibility in the study of Ricoeur’s philosophy offers important remedy to present ethical situations or problems. Moral ethics is an expression of human capability though fallible man yet has the ability to embody moral values through the power of God by simply being humble enough to acknowledge weaknesses. Paul Ricoeur’s Theology According to Julisn F. Woods, Paul Recoeur approaches theology by asking questions such as: â€Å"Where is freedom? Or does le coincide with the discovery and understanding of an inner necessity deeper than choice and kind of autonomy? In a word, does the highest degree of freedom consist in the surging up of an absolute power of choosing or in the love fate? † These questions prelude Ricoeur’s ethical approach and hermeneutical approach to theology. Recoeur consider theology and philosophy to be distinct in terms of their contents. He sees theology as hermeneutical, which provides cross-disciplinary, cross-traditional conversational quest for truth. Recoeur was particularly interested in Biblical exegeses and has written an essay in collaboration with other New Testament scholars. He adopted Boltmanian tradition engaging in historical criticism while also affirming the breadth of Biblical genres. In the essay entitled â€Å"Ethics and Considerations on the Golden Rule† Recoeur cited that Christian Ethics or communal ethics in religious perspectives, as he calls it, consist in the tension between unilateral love and bilateral justice, and in mutual interpretation of each of these in terms of the other. According to Mark Wallace, Recoeur’s religious thought that as one attempts to interpret the Bible, it actually begins with the risk of understanding biblical language including symbols and signs. Recoeur himself stated that interpretation of the Bible should be in accordance with testimonies of the witnesses particularly the Jewish community. He regarded that the Christian message is meaningful and is worthy of consideration, and that examining it will it self very fully. For Ricoeur, the God of the Bible cannot be theoretically proven as a staple of reason or as a fact alongside other facts in our empirical experience. He believes that Gods existence cannot be proven by any natural theology that necessitates thought or the knowledge of empirical objects. Wallace pointed out that Recoeur relies on signs, not on proofs in interpretation of the language. Recoeur believed that pertaining to scripture language it relies on the signs and traces of a reality testified to at the horizon of philosophical reflection that demands to be interpreted and understood. In the argument of language interpretations, Ricoeur balances it against the possibility of error in the testimony of the witnessing community and regard it a risk that would result in false testimony. Wallace noted that the risk must be taken because the stakes are so high. Therefore, Ricoeur believed in the truthfulness of the Bible being the ultimate source of God’s words. Interpretation of it should undergo hermeneutical approach based on history by knowing underlying concepts suggested in symbols, signs and text. For Ricoeur, the stakes is the possibility of Biblical language being a faithful trace of God’s presence in the Jewish and Christian communities. He believed that the knowledge of the absolute is never given in an absolute sense but only relative to the contingent and fallible signs that the divine life gives of itself in its generosity. Ricoeur agreed that religion deals with man’s ultimate concern and that the New Testament calls to be Christ like, is the counterpart of the mandated self of the Hebrew Bible.

Importance of a Crime Analysis Unit

Importance of a Crime Analysis Unit Crime analysis is not a new concept, as police officers have searched for ways to discover patterns and similarities between incidents for years. Furthermore, crime analysis has become a progressively common component in many police organizations. An increasing number of departments have allocated additional personnel to assume the role of crime analyst. Further, a number of police departments have established special units to perform crime analysis. In general terms, crime analysis deals with the collection and analysis of data relating to a criminal incident, offender, and target. Recently, there has been a shift from reactionary policing to proactive policing. Crime analysis does just that, it addresses the causes of crime and disorder overall preventing criminal activity before it ever occurs. Crime analysis is easily used in conjunction with community policing and problem-oriented policing, as they all have the same goal of preventing criminal activity before its too late (Gibli n, 2006). Analysis stands out amongst the best and most effective tools available to support law enforcement agencies today. Crime analysis is an effective and necessary constituent for both community and problem-oriented policing. Data collection is useless unless it is easily comprehended and relates to a case. The analysis of data not only puts an entire puzzle together, but it reveals what pieces are missing as well. Ultimately, crime analysis arranges information in such a way that it guides its departments towards prosecutorial achievement. Having a crime analysis function could fulfill the analytical needs related to problem-oriented policing. Basically, crime analysis coincides with any agencys contingency agenda and is an essential asset (Giblin, 2006). This paper is a proposal of guidelines revealing just how critical it is for this department to establish and maintain a Crime Analysis Unit. Mission, goals and objectives The mission of this crime analysis unit will be facilitating situational awareness and assisting out police officers with crime reduction efforts. The results of crime analysis will be generated to assist our officers with understanding their jurisdictions environment, as well as guide them in implementing specific strategies for crime reduction (Santos, 2012). The goals of this crime analysis unit will be to uncover vital pieces of intelligence from within huge quantities of data and to distribute this information to officers and investigators in the field, overall assisting their efforts in apprehending criminals and eliminating criminal activity. Additionally, analysis of crime is an essential tool when it comes to establishing crime prevention efforts. The cost benefit analysis shows that preventing crime costs less than apprehending, or trying to apprehend, criminals subsequent to the crime occurring (Osborne Wernicke, 2003). The overall objective of this crime analysis unit is to transform data into actionable intelligence on crime series, patterns, trends, etc. in order to support the department with preventing criminal acts from ensuing for both short and long term problems. Role of Analysis within the Department The role of analysis in this department is to assist with the overall intelligence, investigative, and planning activities. The crime analysis unit will analyze crime for a number of reasons. The analysts within the unit will allow this department to benefit from the wealth of information that exists in law enforcement agencies, the criminal justice system, and the public domain. The unit will also analyze crime to make the most of the limited law enforcement resources and to update our officers on general and precise crime trends, patterns, and series in a continuous, timely manner. Further, the crime analysis unit will be able to access crime problems beyond the local jurisdiction to pull from and assist fellow law enforcement agencies. On top of that, the analysts will be proactive in discovering and thwarting crime problems, as well as matching the departments efforts to the demands of an ever-changing society (Giblin, 2006). The crime analysis unit will ensure this department incorporates a geographic, spatial, and local focus that stresses the importance of incorporating crime-mapping techniques into departmental management, analysis, and enforcement procedures (Giblin, 2006). The unit will keep officers updated with critical information via crime bulletins, briefings, and a variety of intelligence reports. The analysts will also support officers and investigators in the field by identifying crime problems in their jurisdiction and assisting with short and long term prevention efforts utilizing the SARA model. The analysts will ensure they support the field both tactically and strategically. Although some crime analysis units solely produce crime statistics or only profile criminals, this unit will conduct a wide range of tasks in order to fully support field operations (Osborne Wernicke, 2003). The Crime Analysis Unit will also have an advanced and easy to comprehend software program as well. This program will be able to create statistics based off of inputted data, and will feature other tools like crime-mapping and an automated crime trend generator. With this database, even the entry-level analysts will be able to input data and generate basic reports. Analysts will also have knowledge on and be able to operate a geographic information system (Santos, 2012). Staffing A Senior Analyst will be in charge of the crime analysis unit and will be responsible for the everyday actions and products of the crime analysis unit. This position will be held by an experienced analyst with knowledge of all capabilities of the crime analysis unit and will be the link between the leaders in the department and the crime analysts. Below the Senior Analyst will be two specialty analysts, each with their own mission and team of three members. One team will be led by a tactical specialty analyst and the other specialty analyst will be skilled at strategic analysis. Both of these specialty analysts will have knowledge of general analysis techniques as well. The tactical team will focus primarily on present day issues, such as crime patterns and short-term statistics. The strategic teams objective will be long term analysis, focusing on permanent problems within the community. Although the two teams are split with separate missions, all analysts will have the basic knowle dge of all duties of the unit. The members on each team will consist of two entry-level analysts and one experienced analyst. The entry-level analysts will be responsible for conducting routine crime analysis duties. The experienced analysts on both teams will produce more advanced analysis, to include conducting statistics and research methodologies (Santos, 2012). These analysts will also assist the entry-level analysts and teach them what they know. Procedures There are five generally recognized stages in crime analysis: collection, collation, analysis, dissemination, and feedback. To start the process, the assigned analysts will start collecting data from a variety of sources, such as police reports, field interviews, probation and parole reports, as well as open source data. Analysts will ensure the information is coming from only the departments jurisdiction, as they dont need to be analyzing other departments jurisdictions. This data will be entered into a computer software program which assists the analyst with sorting. Since new data is constantly being generated, our department will choose specific crimes they would like analyzed. The analysts will then organize and place the data into sub-categories under the specified crimes. Once the data is organized, it will be analyzed more thoroughly and turn it into timely, useful, and accurate information for distribution. The analysis procedure will assist in identifying subjects, identify ing MOs, recognizing linked cases, and profiling all involved parties. Once the data has been concentrated down into useful information, it is distributed to the crime analysis units customers. Primarily it goes to the patrol officers, investigators, and command staff, but can also be disseminated to media, citizens, other city government employees, and other law enforcement agencies if needed (Osborne Wernicke, 2003). Since new crimes happen every day, they need to be added to the ongoing collation and incorporated into the bigger picture. When done effectively, this interesting and challenging work allows you, the crime analyst, to help police officers do a better job in making communities safer. Training All analysts in the crime analysis unit are preferred to have police knowledge, proficient research abilities, and technological skills. Subsequent to being hired, the analysts will undergo more training than their basic background knowledge. have training on geographical information systems (GIS), in order for them to generate intelligence products. Crime-mapping, CompStat, profiling, .. REWORD: The International Association of Crime Analysts has and continues to work to develop standards for crime analysis as a career and its practice. They have developed a national certification process and a handbook that provides basic crime analysis knowledge needed for certification, as well as a certification training series (IACA, 2011). More recently, they have initiated a standards, methods, and technology committee with the purpose of defining analytical methodologies, technologies, and core concepts relevant to the profession of crime analysis (IACA, 2011). Quarterly and annual training will be conducted using resources from the International Association of Crime Analysts (IACA) and from the International Association of Law Enforcement Intelligence Analysts (IALEIA) (Ratcliffe, 2004). Expected products Tactical crime analysis deals with the examination of recent criminal incidents and probable criminal activity through various methods (Santos, 2012). This type of analysis involves looking at data to produce intelligence on the where, when, and how of the crimes in order to aid field officers in pinpointing and interpreting certain, pressing crime problems. The objective of tactical crime analysis is to initiate a quick response to crime problems occurring in the present. The role of the crime analysts under the tactical team will be to identify current patterns of crime activities and forecast potential future crimes. The units tactical analysts will distribute information using a format known as pattern bulletin and include details such as suspect profiles, victim profiles, modus operandi (MO) factors, area type, day/time favored by the subject, and other elements that will assist in identifying the subject (Osborne Wernicke, 2003). The analysts will also provide products such as time series charts, crime pattern bulletins, and BOLOs (Santos, 2012). Strategic crime analysis involves long-range issues and arranging for long-term plans. The two main goals of strategic crime analysis are to aid in the identification and examination of long-term issue and to assess responses to issues as well as organizational measures (Santos, 2012). The analysts on the strategic team will observe long-term crime trends. The analysts will utilize different types of products to provide information to a variety of people, from command staff to field officers, as well as the community to put out this information. These reports will provide information on the ongoing deviation in certain crime categories, victim categories, target locations, or other crime elements of interest (Osborne Wernicke, 2003). The products of strategic crime analysis come in the form of memos, quarterly reports and maps, yearly reports, special reports, and research, evaluation, and problem reports (Santos, 2012). Because strategic analysis deals more with long term analysis, the reports will be pushed out over longer periods of time compared to tactical analysis reports. Along with tactical and strategic analysis, the crime analysis unit will also be able to conduct administrative crime analysis. Administrative crime analysis delivers a variety of services such as summary data, statistics, and general trend intelligence to the department. These products will assist administrators when they assign community resources and/or aid in relating pertinent information to citizens on crime and disorder issues (Osborne Wernicke, 2003). Conclusion: Most agencies are transitioning to a tactical and strategic crime analysis focus, dedicated to helping patrol officers and investigators apprehend criminals as well as assisting in problem-oriented and community policing efforts. References Giblin, M. J. (2006). Structural elaboration and institutional isomorphism: The case of crime analysis units. Policing, 29(4), 643-664. doi:13639510610711583 International Association of Crime Analysts (IACA). 2011. Professional training series. Retrieved from http://www.iaca.net/training.asp Osborne, D., Wernicke, S. (2003;2013;). Introduction to crime analysis: Basic resources for criminal justice practice (illustrat ed.). GB: Routledge Ltd. doi:10.4324/9780203463284 Ratcliffe, J. H. (2004). Crime mapping and the training needs of law enforcement. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 10(1), 65-83. Retrieved from https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy2.apus.edu/docview/222839188?accountid=8289 Santos, R. B. 2012. Crime Analysis with Crime Mapping, 3rd Edition. Retrieved from https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781483302270/ http://journals.sagepub.com.ezproxy2.apus.edu/doi/full/10.1177/1043986214525080 https://ric-zai-inc.com/Publications/cops-w0271-pub.pdf (?)

Agamemnon :: essays research papers

After reading Agamemnon, I have come to the conclusion that Greek mythology can cause many debates. One of the debates that could be referenced from this story was rather or not Agamemnon deserved his fate. Some critics would say he did after he killed his innocent daughter, as a sacrifice. Some critics would say he was killed because he left his wife at home for ten years. Those ten years while they were apart, Clytaemestra had time to let all of her anger and hostility boil up inside of her. He was portrayed as an arrogant man. Another thing that condemned him was when he walked on the purple carpet. â€Å"She knew that by saying â€Å"If Priam had won as you have, what would he have done?†(935). Even though his wife coaxed him, his cowardliness in doing so shows his true side. He was very arrogant about the war, acting as if him alone won the war. All of his arrogance and betraying his family killing his daughter lead to his death. Another debate is what kind of women Clytaemestra is. Clytemnestra is portrayed as strong willed woman. This characteristic is not necessarily typical of women of her time. Her most important characteristic is like the watchman calls it, "male strength of heart." Later in the play after Clytemnestra murders her husband, Agamemnon, and his concubine, Cassandra, she reveals her driving force and was has spurned all of her actions until this point. The Chorus sees Clytemnestra as untrustworthy and although suspicious of her they still could not foresee the impending murders. Her words are plain but her meaning hidden to all those around her. She more or less alludes to her plan of murder without fear of being detected. Only the audience can seem to understand the double meaning in her words. One example of how Clytemnestra hides meanings in otherwise plain words is stated in her hope that Agamemnon and his soldiers do not commit any sacrilege in Troy that might offend the gods. Now must they pay due respect to the gods that inhabit the town, the gods of the conquered land, or their victory may end in their own destruction after all. Too soon for their safety, the soldiery, seized with greed, may yield to their covetousness and lay hands on forbidden spoil. They have still to bring themselves home, have still the backward arm of the double course to make.

Insider Trading Essay example -- Business, Investment

Insider trading relates the investment behavior of corporate insiders with their own stock. Insider trading topic not only attracts finance literature (see, e.g., Lorie and Niederhoffer 1968, Jaffe 1974, Seyhun 1986, 1998, Rozeff and Zaman 1988, Lin and Howe 1990, and Lakonishok and Lee 2001), but also attracts law and economics literature (see, e.g., Manna 1966, Georgeakopoulos 1993, and Carlton and Fischel 1983). The finance literature on insider trading had started with an examination of the strong market efficiency hypothesis. Subsequently, researchers gave their attention towards the determinations of insider trades’ profitability. Furthermore, another set of researcher also gave an attempt to find the information contents of insider trading to outsiders, which is an application to test the semi-strong market efficiency hypothesis. The third group of researchers measured insider trading activities around the corporate announcements, for example, merger and acquisitions, dividend announcements. In the following section, we will summarize studies that focus on the information content (abnormal return) of insider trading. Finnerty (1974) measured the strong market efficiency hypothesis condition on insider trading. The period of his study was from January 1969 to December 1972. He considered only open market trade for NYSE firms. To measure the strong market efficiency hypothesis, he formed two portfolios- buy and sale for each month; the buy (sale) portfolio for month t comprised of those firms for which any insiders were buyer (seller). Thereafter, he calculated portfolio returns for the portfolio formation month and subsequent eleven months. Using the CAPM to calculate abnormal return to insider trades, Finnerty (1974) ... ...ir timely disclosure of insider trades from 10 days after the month in which the trade had occurred regime to 2 days regime on August 29, 2002. He stated that if the information content of insider trades is relevant to outsiders, the timeliness announcement of insider trades will improve the information content of insider trades. And he found that the abnormal return (CAAR=1%) of pre-amendment associated with announcement of insider buys was lower than the abnormal return (CAAR=2.3%) of post-amendment. However, he did not find similar results for insider sales, hence; he again reinvestigated insider sales after taking litigation risk into consideration. And he concluded that insiders of firms those are associated with more litigation risk more likely to refrain from sales on private information than insiders of firms those are associated with low litigation risk.